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Chapter 23 The Sun-Earth-Moon System Section 2: The Moon-Earth’s Satellite. Minersville Area School District Mr. Motuk. Section 2: The Moon-Earth’s Satellite. Motions of the Moon The Moon rotates on its axis. The Moon’s rotation takes 27.3 days with the same side always facing Earth.
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Chapter 23The Sun-Earth-Moon SystemSection 2: The Moon-Earth’s Satellite Minersville Area School District Mr. Motuk
Section 2: The Moon-Earth’s Satellite • Motions of the Moon • The Moon rotates on its axis. • The Moon’s rotation takes 27.3 days with the same side always facing Earth. • The moon revolves around the Earth. • 1 Revolution takes 27.3 days • Because the moon revolves around Earth and Rotates at the same rate, this is why we always see the same side of the moon. • The moon seems to shine because it reflects sunlight.
Section 2: The Moon Earth’s Satellite Moon Phases New Moon Waxing Crescent 1st Quarter Waxing Gibbous Waning Gibbous 3rd Quarter Full Moon Waning Crescent
Section 2: The Moon-Earth’s Satellite • Moon Phases are the different forms the Moon takes in its appearance from Earth. • New Moon-when the moon is between the Earth and the Sun and cannot be seen. • Waxing Phases-more of the illuminated half of the moon can be seen each night after the new moon. • Waxing phases occur between the new moon and the full moon. • Full Moon-when all of the Moon’s lighted side is visible from Earth. • Waning Phases-Less of the illuminated half of the Moon is visible after the full moon.
Section 2: The Moon-Earth’s Satellite • Eight Phases of the Moon • New Moon • Waxing Crescent a. Right side of moon becomes visible, thin slice. • First Quarter a. Right half of the Moon is visible, left half in darkness. • Waxing Gibbous a. More than half of the Moon is visible, takes an egg shape.
Section 2: The Moon-Earth’s Satellite • Eight Phases of the Moon • Full Moon • When all of the Moon’s surface facing Earth is lit up and visible. • Waning Gibbous • Starts after the full Moon when more then half of the lighted side is still visible. • Sliver of the right side of the moon is in darkness. • Third Quarter (Last Quarter) • Left half of the Moon is visible, right half is in darkness. • Waning Cresent • Only a sliver of the left side is visible. • Last visible slice before the new moon.
Section 2: The Moon-Earth’s Satellite Phases of the Moon
Section 2: The Moon-Earth’s Satellite • Eclipses- when the Earth or moon casts a shadow on the other. • Solar Eclipse: The moon moves directly between the Earth and Sun, shadowing part of the Earth. • Under the UMBRA, or darkest part of the shadow, a total solar eclipse occurs. • Only the corona is seen glowing during a total solar eclipse. (see next slide) • A partial solar eclipse happens in the lighter shadow on Earth’s surface called the penumbra. • A total solar eclipse is visible only on a small area of Earth.
Section 2: Solar Eclipse 1. Solar Eclipse (continued) Blocks the view of the sun. Occur during New Moon Occur every year, only seen in specific areas.
Section 2: Solar Eclipse Images of Solar Eclipses Total Solar Eclipse Partial Solar Eclipse
Section 2: The Moon-Earth’s Satellite • Eclipses- when the Earth or moon casts a shadow on the other. • Lunar Eclipse: When Earth’s shadow falls on the moon. • If the moon is completely in Earths umbra, a total lunar eclipse occurs. • Partial Lunar Eclipse: When only part of the Moon moves into Earth’s umbra, or the moon is totally in the penumbra. • Total Lunar Eclipses must occur during a full moon! • A total lunar eclipse is visible in the nighttime side of the Earth when the night is clear.
Section 2: The Moon-Earth’s Satellite E. The Moon’s Surface • Has many depressions or craters, formed from meteorites, asteroids, and comets. • Cracks in the Moon’s crust caused lava to fill large craters forming maria, or dark flat areas. • Highlands are areas on the moon of light colored crust. • Igneous maria rocks are 3 to 4 billion years old, indicating craters formed after the surface cooled. • Lunar dirt called REGOLITH (rock particles and dust) a. This is not soil because it contains no water or organic matter.
Section 2: The Moon-Earth’s Satellite • The Moon’s Surface • Data from moonquakes suggest that under the Moon’s crust might lie a solid mantle, then a partly molten mantle and a solid, iron rich core. • The Impact Theory of Moon Origin • The Moon formed 4.6 billion years ago from Earth material thrown off when a large object collided with Earth.
Section 2: The Moon-Earth’s Satellite • Moon Data • The Moon’s average day time temperature is 214*F. • The Moon’s average night time temperature is -300 *F • Moon’s gravity is 6X lighter than the Earth’s. • The Moon has no atmosphere so it is always black there. • Moon’s diameter is 2160 miles.