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Understanding Chemical Bonds and Molecules

Explore the definitions of atoms, compounds, and molecules in chemistry. Learn about molecular and ionic compounds, Lewis structures, and molecular geometry through detailed explanations and examples. Enhance your knowledge of naming molecular compounds and understanding covalent bonds.

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Understanding Chemical Bonds and Molecules

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  1. Definitions • Atom: smallest particle of an element that can exist and still have the properties of the element. • Compound: A pure substance that can be broken down into two or more simpler pure substances by chemical means • Molecule: group of two or more atoms that function as a unit because the atoms are tightly bound together

  2. MOLECULAR COMPOUNDS • All atoms are nonmetals • Electrons are shared to form a bond • IONIC COMPOUNDS • Metal and a non metal • Electrons are transferred to form cations and anions

  3. Ionic vs molecular compounds

  4. Molecular or Covalent bond Valence Electrons are shared

  5. Homonuclear molecules (diatoms)and Heteronuclear molecules(polyatomic molecules)

  6. Homonuclear molecules HONFIBrCl I never fly high over brown clouds

  7. Molecule is the smallest particle of a compound capable of a stable, independent existence Phosphorus exists in a stable form of P-P-P-P Sulfur exists in a stable form of S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S What would be an easier way to write these symbols?

  8. Compounds • H2O # H ____, # O ___ • C6H12O6 # C______, # H _____, # O____ • Mg(OH)2 # Mg_____, # H_____, # O____ • Ca10(PO4)6(OH)10 • 2 H2O #H in each molecule? _____________

  9. Tell whether the following have ionic or covalent bonds • CaCl2MgO • CO2 NH4Cl • H2O HCl • BaSO4 KI • K2O NaOH • NaF NO2 • Na2CO3 AlPO4 • CH4 FeCl3 • SO2 P2O5 • LiBr N2O5

  10. Naming Molecular compounds • Binary compounds (not hydrocarbons) • Two nonmetals • Shared electrons • Name ends in ide • No ions formed • Use Greek prefixes • Mono*, di, tri, tetra, penta, hexa, hepta, octa, nona, deca

  11. Naming molecular compounds

  12. Lewis structures • Atoms combine to form molecules so they will have lower energy • Using only valence electrons try and give each atom a complete valence shell (complete octet except Hydrogen) • Then try and give them the number of bonds they want : called covalency

  13. Lewis structuresgroup 1 simple structures

  14. Lewis structuresgroup 2: polyatomic ions

  15. Lewis structuresgroup 3: multiple bonds

  16. Molecular geometryis not shown by Lewis structures

  17. VSEPR • Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion

  18. Give the molecular geometry and bond angles of each structure

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