The Civil Rights Movement

1. The Civil Rights Movement

2. Non- Violent Civil Disobedience “We must be the change we wish to see in the world.” Mohandas (Mahatma) K. Gandhi “one has a moral responsibility to disobey unjust laws. I would agree with St. Augustine that "an unjust law is no law at all“ Martin Luther King Jr

3. The Roots • Slavery in America- Triangle Trade • Abolitionist Movement- Douglass, Tubman, etc • Civil War and Reconstruction- Freedmen’s Bureau, Voting Restrictions • Jim Crow takes over the South- State Laws • Plessy v Ferguson- “Separate but Equal?” • Booker T. Washington v W.E.B. DuBois • Truman Desegregates the Military-1947 • Jackie Robinson plays a baseball game-1947

4. Brown v. Board of Education Separate is automatically unequal! Unanimous Decision (9-0) Overturned Plessy v Ferguson School Integration- The beginning of the end for Jim Crow Thurgood Marshall Argues the Case- Later becomes the first African American member of the Supreme Court But would the decision be enforced?

5. Little Rock, Arkansas -1957

6. President Eisenhower sends in the troops to enforce the Supreme Court’s Decision

7. You don’t have to have a title to be a leader!- Rosa Parks starts the Montgomery Bus Boycott

8. “We the People…”

9. Montgomery Bus Boycott Letter from a Birmingham Jail March to Selma March on Washington Winner of Noble Peace Prize Assassinated 1968 Martin Luther King Jr.

10. Martin Luther King'sLetter from Birmingham Jail • “We know through painful experience that freedom is never voluntarily given by the oppressor; it must be demanded by the oppressed. Frankly, I have yet to engage in a direct-action campaign that was "well timed" in the view of those who have not suffered unduly from the disease of segregation. For years now I have heard the word "Wait!" It rings in the ear of every Negro with piercing familiarity. This "Wait" has almost always meant 'Never." We must come to see, with one of our distinguished jurists, that "justice too long delayed is justice denied."

11. You don’t need to know their names to know what they did!

12. Leading Civil Rights Organizations • NAACP- National Association for the Advancement of Colored People • SCLC- Southern Christian Leadership Conference • CORE- Congress of Racial Equality • SNCC- Student Non- Violent Coordinating Committee • Urban League • Black Muslims • Black Panthers • Leaders who died! • Malcolm X Medgar Evers Freedom Riders

13. Kennedy was the first President to say that the nation had to take “Affirmative Action” to guarantee equal opportunity for all American citizens. President Johnson’s Actions Civil Rights Act of 1964- No Segregation of Public Places Voting Rights Act of 1965- First attempt to end Literacy Tests Campaigned for the ratification of the 24th Amendment which abolished the Poll Tax Government Response to the Civil Rights Movement

14. And Still More Actions….. • Civil Rights Act of 1968 – Housing Market • Voting Rights Act of 1970- end to all literacy tests • Equal Employment Opportunity Act 1972

15. Affirmative Action-Has equal opportunity been achieved for all? Does it promote reverse discrimination? Do we still need it? Good to Know Terms- Bakke v. UC Davis Glass Ceiling De Facto Segregation 2009- Ricci v Destefano How successful has the Civil Rights Movement been?

16. Movements Inspired by the Civil Rights Movement • Feminism-NOW, Betty Friednan- The Feminine Mystique, Gloria Steinham- Ms. Magazine, Title IX, Failed ERA- Equal Rights Amendment • Brown Power- Latinos,Cesar Chavez • AIM- American Indian Movement, Bury My Heart at Wounded Knee by Dee Brown • Disabled Americans- Education, Public Access Laws • Consumer Protection- Ralph Nader- Consumer Reports, Unsafe at Any Speed

17. Who will the next leader be?You? http://www.hpol.org/transcript.php?id=72

18. Has the dream been realized?