You’ve Got Rights

1. You’ve Got Rights

2. First… • Jot down your thoughts to these two questions… • What does “human rights” mean to you? • What human rights do you think ALL humans have or should have?

3. Human Rights • Every person is entitled to certain rights—simply by the fact that they are a human being. • They are “rights” because they are things you are allowed to be, to do, or to have. • These rights are there for your protection against people who might want to harm or hurt you. • They are also there to help us get along with each other and live in peace. • Basically, human rights are rights that all humans are entitled to regardless of who they are or where they live.

4. Human Rights • In 1948, The United Nations (U.N.) created a list of 30 rights that all humans should have. • The United Nations came into being in 1945, shortly after the end of World War II. It was started by the five major powers that won the war: Britain, China, France, the Soviet Union and the United States. • Its purpose is to bring peaceto the world and avoid future world wars. Today 192 countries are members of the United Nations. • This booklet explains each of your rights as written in The Universal Declaration of Human Rights.

5. Universal Declaration of Human Rights • First, in small groups, look through this pamphlet. Read and Discuss each right with your group. • Once you get your handout… • Spend a few minutes on your own and decide which rights are most important to you. • Yours may not be all the same as others.    • Which rights are most important to you?    • Highlight your TOP 5on the list on your handout.

6. Go back to your note sheet and answer the three questions about the right that you think is most important… • Which is most important? • Put it in your own words • Give 3 reasons why • Think back to our discussion about Rights and Responsibilities… • Who is the source (who guarantees these rights?) • Knowing these rights, what is your responsibility as a global citizen?

7. Advanced Classes • Possible Discussion Question: • Now, discuss your Top 5 with your group. Then, answer the following: • Are there any rights that are not listed that you think should be? What should they be?  Right them on the back of your paper. • Are there rights in this list that SHOULD NOT be listed?

9. Bill of Rights Hundreds of years before this Universal Declaration of Human Rights was created, our Founding Fathers created a list of 10 rights to which all Americans were entitled. There was nothing written in the U.S. Constitution that guaranteed that the new government would give the people the freedoms and rights they wanted. So, they added it to the end and called it the Bill of Rights.

10. First Amendment FIVE RIGHTS IN ONE!!! WHOO HOOO!!! Freedom of Religion, Freedom ofSpeech, Freedom of the Press, Freedom of Assembly, Right to Petition (highlight these words)

11. First Amendment • The government cannot support any religion or prevent citizens from worshipping as they please; • citizens and the media can express their opinion and the government cannot censor them; • people have a right to gather peaceably; • and people can complain to the government. • There are exceptions to these rights…

12. Exceptions? “The government may restrict the use of loudspeakers in residential neighborhoods at night, limit all demonstrations that block traffic, or ban all picketing of people’s homes.” • Source: http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/208044/First-Amendment/296554/Permissible-restrictions-on-expression

13. Second Amendment • Right to Bear Arms (highlight the red words) • People have the right to own weapons.

14. Third Amendment • Quartering Troops • (Highlight) • Citizens cannot be forced to let soldiers stay in their homes.

15. Fourth Amendment • Unreasonable Searches and Seizures, Right to Privacy, Search Warrants • Police officers cannot come in your home and search or seize (take) your things without your permission or a warrant. • A judge must have a “probable cause” (a good reason) to issue a warrant to officers and the warrant must describe the place to be searched and the items or persons to be taken. • There are exceptions to this amendment.

16. Fourth Amendment http://www.trussvilletribune.com/2014/07/25/police-bust-gaming-operation-in-trussville/

17. Exceptions? • Officers can also search and seize objects on a person if the officer has placed the person under arrest.  • An officers can enter a residence or building without a warrant to assist in an emergency. • If you voluntarily give the officer permission, the search does not violate the Fourth Amendment. The consent must be given voluntarily, which means the giver must give it unequivocally, specifically, and intelligently. 

18. Fifth Amendment The Fifth amendment gives you multiple rights as well… Rights of the Accused: Due Process, Right to Remain Silent • If you are accused of a crime, law enforcement must respect your rights and follow a certain procedure (this is called Due Process). • Due Process= People have the right to fair and reasonable laws. Officials have to follow rules when enforcing laws and to treat all people in the same way. • You must be told what you are being accused of • There must be enough evidence to send to trial a person accused of a serious crime.

19. Fifth Amendment Rights of the Accused, Due Process, Right to Remain Silent • A person cannot be put on trial more than once for the same crime (double jeopardy). • You don’t have to testify against yourself- meaning you have the right to remain silent. (You have the right to “plead the fifth”)

20. Sixth Amendment Right to a Speedy and Fair Trial, Right to Face Accusers, Right to a Lawyer • An accused person will not be held in jail for a long period of time before their trial begins. • An accused person will also get a public trial before a fair jury. • An accused person has a right to face their accusers. • If an accused person cannot afford a lawyer, one will be provided to defend them.

21. Miranda Rights

22. Seventh Amendment • Civil Suits • A CIVIL trial differs from a criminal trial, but you are still guaranteed all of your rights. • A civil trial is when someone sues someone else. • A criminal trial is when the gov’t convicts someone of a crime. • A jury may be provided if one person sues another person and the case involves more than $20.

23. Eighth Amendment • No Cruel and Unusual Punishment • Bail* will not be set unusually high as to make it impossible for someone to pay. • No cruel or unusual punishment will be used against an accused or a convicted person. *money given as surety that a person released from custody will return at an appointed time.

24. Ninth Amendment • People’s Rights • Citizens have rights other than those written in the Constitution and they cannot be taken away. • Like What? • Some people say this extends our 4th amendment right to privacy. • Others say it implies the rights listed in the Declaration of Independence like: life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness

25. Tenth Amendment • States’ Rights • Those powers not given to the federal government are given to the states. • Like What? • Drivers license • School & Education • Voting laws • Gun laws

26. BOR Rap • 3 Minute TEDed Review • http://ed.ted.com/lessons/a-3-minute-guide-to-the-bill-of-rights-belinda-stutzman • Smart Rap • www.youtube.com/watch?v=tlt6R1KD4E0

27. But, there’s more… • The Bill of Rights are only the first 10 amendments to the Constitution. • Today, there are a total of 27 amendments (additions to the constitution • 11th (February 7, 1795) - This amendment set limits on when a state can be sued. In particular it gave immunity to states from law suits from out-of-state citizens and foreigners not living within the state borders. 12th (June 15, 1804) - Revised the presidential election procedures.13th (December 6, 1865) - This amendment abolished slavery and involuntary servitude.14th (July 9, 1868) - Defined what it means to be a US citizen. It prohibits states from reducing the privileges of citizens and ensures each citizen the 'right to due process and the equal protection of the law'.15th (February 3, 1870) - Gave all men the right to vote regardless of race or color or whether they had been slaves.16th (February 3, 1913) - Gave the federal government the power to collect income tax.17th (April 8, 1913) - Established that senators would be directly elected.18th (January 16, 1919) - Prohibition of alcohol making alcoholic drinks illegal. (It would later be repealed by the Twenty-first Amendment)19th (August 18, 1920) - The 19th amendment gave women the right to vote. It's also called women's suffrage.20th (January 23, 1933) - Gave details on the terms of office for Congress and the President.21st (December 5, 1933) - This amendment repealed the Eighteenth Amendment.22nd (February 27, 1951) - Limited the president to a maximum of two terms or 10 years.23rd (March 29, 1961) - Provided that Washington, DC be allowed representatives in the Electoral College. This way the citizens of Washington DC would have a vote for the president even though they are not officially part of a state.24th (January 23, 1964) - Said that people don't have to pay a tax, called a poll tax, in order to vote.25th (February 10, 1967) - This amendment defined the presidential succession if something should happen to the president. The first in line is the Vice-President.26th (July 1, 1971) - Set the national voting age at 18.27th (May 5 or 7, 1992) - States that Congressional salary changes can not take effect until the beginning of the next session of Congress

28. Additions (amendments) As our country grew, certain groups realized that they had been denied the basic right to vote, so many of these amendments guarantee more people the right to vote…

29. So you think you can VOTE? A Brief History of America’s Voting Rights

30. The African American Vote The 15th Amendment was passed in 1870, five years after the end of the Civil War. The Amendment states, “The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied … on account of race, color or previous condition of servitude.”

31. The African American Vote Former slaves could not be turned away from the polls (voting places) due to the color of their skin or the fact that they had been slaves. We will see that this rule wasn’t always followed…

32. So you think you can VOTE? Can I vote? The year is 1915. I am a single African American man living in Chicago, Illinois. YES YOU CAN!

33. The Women’s Right to Vote Women gained voting rights after a long hard fight. Wyoming gave women the vote in 1869, but it took the work of Susan B. Anthony, Elizabeth Cady Stanton and many others to get the job done!

34. The Women’s Right to Vote The 19th Amendment said, “The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied … on account of sex.” Women won the right to vote in August of 1920!

35. So you think you can VOTE? Can I vote? YES YOU CAN! I am a woman living in New York City in the year 1924. I am 25, married and have two children.

36. Voting is a Civil Right! Even after the Civil War, many people in the South did not want African Americans to have the same rights as white Americans. This included the right to vote or hold office. Some states and counties passed laws that made voting almost impossible!

37. Barriers to the African American Vote • Limited opportunities to register to vote • Arrest and beatings by police • Threats of violence toward voter’s family and home • Personal information shared with groups like the KKK and employers • Unfair tests at the polls

38. The Poll Tax required voters to pay for the ability to vote. Most Southern African Americans were poor sharecroppers that were heavily in debt to landowners. $1.50 1932 = $23.00 Today

39. This poll test asks voters to correctly guess the number of cotton balls in a jar before they are allowed to vote. ? ? ? Other tests asked voters to guess the number of bubbles in a bar of soap!

40. Theliteracy test was one type of poll test that was given in some locations. Voters were tested on their reading skills. Like with the other tests, white voters always passed while African American voters usually failed.

41. Voting Requirements in the South 1) Read a section of the Constitution out loud. 2) Tell what the section says in your own words. 3) Write out another section of the Constitution. 4) Answer eight questions on the Constitution. Voters who could not prove a 5th grade education had to: 1) Complete a 30 question test 2) Finish the test in 10 minutes! Many African Americans in these states lacked a quality education, and the tests were meant to exclude blacks from the voting process.

42. Alabama Literacy Test Examples of Literacy Tests

47. So you think you can VOTE? Can I vote? I am a 22 year old African American man living in the deep South in 1948. I work in the cotton fields and cannot read or write. It’s not likely that you’d get to vote.

48. The Civil Rights Movement The marches, speeches, sit-ins, freedom rides and activities all added up to what we know as the Civil Rights Movement. Over time, more and more people demanded civil rights for all Americans.

49. Voting Laws Change Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. President Lyndon B. Johnson The 24th Amendment was added to the Constitution in 1964. It banned the use of poll taxes in elections. Can you name two people in this image?

50. Voting Laws Change The Voting Rights Act was signed by President Johnson in 1965. • This law: • protected the right to vote for all citizens • forced the states to obey the Constitution • reinforced the 15th Amendment.