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The War of 1812: Seeds of Conflict, Battles, and Resolutions

Discover the events leading to the War of 1812, key battles, outcomes, and the Treaty of Ghent. Explore the impact on trade, land expansion, and national identity. Analyze the Hartford Convention and long-term effects on US-British relations.

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The War of 1812: Seeds of Conflict, Battles, and Resolutions

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  1. The War of 1812 The 2nd Revolutionary War

  2. Seeds of War • 1803—Napoleon draws Br into a war—as a result US trade suffers • Br ruled the seas (Battle of Trafalgar) Fr. ruled the land (Battle of Austerlitz) • 1806 Orders In Council/Napoleon orders the seizure of all ships • Impressment • The Chesapeake Incident-USS Chesapeake/Leopold----deserters???? • The Non-Importation Act The Embargo Act “O-grab-me” Act • Non-Intercourse Act • Macon’s Bill #2

  3. Moving Toward War • 1811 negotiations w/Br. Fail---Madison advises congress to prepare for war. • War Hawks---Henry Clay John C. Calhoun • Motive---more land and control of the west. • NE Objects---trade/sympathy • Battle of Tippecanoe Nov. 1811

  4. Progress of the War • June 1 1812---Madison asks for a Dec. of War on Great Britain for: impressment interference in US trade sponsoring Indian uprisings June 18 1812 Congress Declares War on GB ---two days earlier GB repeals the Orders In Council but word of this does not reach US until the War begins

  5. Attitude of The Nation • Very little $$$$ in the treasury • 10,000 troops few officers • NE states were bitterly opposed to war • War at sea Hopeless US GB Battleships 0 100+ Frigates/Sloops 17 950+ Scouts ships 80 1,000+ 97 2,050

  6. Land Campaigns • 3 prong Attack • From Detroit • From the Niagara River • From the foot of Lake Champlain Battles of 1813/14 Taking of York (Toronto) Battle of Lake Erie British Raid on the Chesapeake---burn the Capitol -----Star Spangled Banner---Battle of Baltimore The Needless Battle---New Orleans---Andrew Jackson

  7. Treaty of Ghent August 1814 • The British public was tired of war and especially war taxes. Britain proposes discussing terms. • Commissioners of both countries met in Ghent Belgium • Settled Border disputes---Indian Reservations • No New Land---No Repayment • Ratified February 17 1815

  8. The Hartford Convention • As the capture of New Orleans was imminent Mass., Conn., NH, Vm, & RI secretly met in Hartford Conn. To discuss their grievances and to seek redress for their wrongs • Some spoke of succession…most wanted financial assistance from Washington to compensate for lost trade. • They wanted an amendment to the Const. requiring a 2/3 majority for all declarations of embargos, except during invasions. • News of victory in NO met them in Washington: their mission failed and their (Federalist) candidate in 1816 was trounced by James Monroe • Proved to be the end of the Federalist Party.

  9. Results of the War • Increase in manufacturing • Increase in Patriotism/ National Pride • No impressments or Blockades • Indian Troubles in the Northwest went away with the death of Tecumseh • US was able to purchase Florida • New future leaders---Andrew Jackson William Henry Harrison Decline of the Federalist---Hartford Convention.

  10. For Discussion • Compare and Contrast the War for Independence and the War of 1812 • Military • Ideology • Trade • Land • Respect • How the war was actually won. • What was gained?

  11. Rush-Bagot Pact 1817and the Convention of 1818 • The Rush BagotPact was an agreement between the US and GB to eliminate their fleets from the Great Lakes. • The Convention of 1818 set the Western Boundaries between the US and British North American (later Canada) and the 49th Parallel up to the Rocky Mountains. • Both agreements reflected the easing of diplomatic tensions that led to the War of 1812 and marked the beginning of US/British cooperation.

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