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Understanding Solids and Liquids: Properties and Changing States

Learn about the fixed positions and shapes of solid particles, the fluidity and surface tension of liquids, and the processes of freezing, melting, condensation, and evaporation.

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Understanding Solids and Liquids: Properties and Changing States

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  1. SOLIDS

  2. Properties • Solid particles have fixed positions • Particles are very close together • Solids have fixed shapes and fixed volumes • Usually exist in crystalline form

  3. Solid Crystals • Can be very brittle, like salt • Can be very soft, like lead

  4. Changing States • Deposition (Frost forming) • Molecules in the gaseous state become part of the surface of a crystal • Sublimation • Process in which a solid changes directly into a gas • Exothermic process • Energy released in decomposition is equal to the energy required for sublimation

  5. Freezing • Change in state in which a liquid becomes a solid as heat is removed • Exothermic process releases energy • Melting • The change in state in which a solid becomes a liquid by adding or changing pressure • Melting point and Freezing point are the same for pure substances

  6. LIQUIDS • Particles can move easily past each other • Are fluids • Have fixed volumes, but take the shape of the container placed in

  7. Liquid Forces • Cohesion • Attraction for each other • Water molecules stick each other • Adhesion • Attraction for particles of solid surfaces • Water molecules do not stick to car wax Combine the two and get capillary action

  8. Surface Tension • Force that acts on the surface of a liquid and that tends to minimize the area of the surface • Liquids tend to decrease their surface area to the smallest possible size • Why liquids for spherical shapes (Drops), smallest surface area for a volume

  9. Changing States • Condensation • Gas becomes a liquid • Evaporation • Liquid becomes a gas • Endothermic process • Boiling Point- temperature and pressure when a liquid and gas are at equilibrium

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