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Harlem

Explore the factors influencing the Great Migration, from push reasons in the South to pull factors in the North. Learn about African Americans' challenges and motivations to relocate for a brighter future.

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Harlem

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  1. Harlem Objective: List the push/pull factors that lead to the Great Migration

  2. Vocab • Migration • a movement or change of position • Mechanized • to operate or perform by or as if by machinery. • Laborer • a person engaged in work that requires bodily strength rather than skill or training • Separate • to set apart; disconnect • Accommodate • to do a kindness or a favor to • Subscriber • a person, company, that subscribes, as to a publication • Encouraged • to promote, advance, or foster

  3. Migration North Objective: List the push/pull factors that lead to the Great Migration

  4. Four Factors that pushed African Americans to leave the South

  5. Reasons • Boll Weevil • Sharecropping • Mechanized Farming • Jim Crow

  6. Boll Weevil • Female lays egg in cotton bolls • Babies feed on Cotton • 10 generations could destroy one cotton crop

  7. Sharecropping • Given land, seed, materials • Give land owner half of crop • Never could get out of debt • Usually left farm at night

  8. Mechanized Farming • Introduction of tractor cut down need for laborers • Pay became lower because of extra workers • North industries paid 3 to 4 times as much

  9. Jim Crow • Separate the South by Race • Schools, church, hotels, benches, drinking fountains, railroad cars, public places • Looked for equality in the North

  10. Pull Factors to the North • Newspapers • Family and Friends • World Wars • Transportation

  11. World War I • Opened new jobs in the city to accommodate growth • White males sent to war • Wages at least 2x more than the south

  12. Newspapers/ Literature • Subscribers outside the city spread the interest in the city • The New Negro • Literary works of African Americans in Harlem • Chicago Defender • Encouraged blacks to move North

  13. Family and Friends • People moved to major cities to be near family • Letters encouraged the move • Helped new families get jobs, schools and city life

  14. Transportation • New highway system allowed cars to travel easier • Trains became a major form of transportation since being used for trade

  15. Numbers • Census of 1910. • U.S. population: 93,402,151 • Black population: 9,827,763 (10.7%) Migration by Train Census of 1920. U.S. population: 105,710,620 Black population: 10,463,131 (9.9%)

  16. Harlem • Upper West side • 20 blocks long and 4 blocks wide • Over crowded, high unemployment, poverty • Literary movement celebrating African American culture • An African American cultural (music, writing, and art) movement of the 1920s and early 1930s

  17. Harlem Renaissance • There was a strong sense of racial pride and a desire for social and political equality among the participants.

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