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The War of 1812: Causes, Battles, and Results

Explore the causes, battles, and results of the War of 1812, including tensions between France, Britain, and the U.S., Native American involvement, War Hawk leaders, significant battles, the British invasion, the burning of Washington D.C., the Battle of New Orleans, and the Treaty of Ghent.

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The War of 1812: Causes, Battles, and Results

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  1. The War of 1812 Chapter 11 Section 3

  2. Causes of the War • France & Britain needed supplies from the U.S. • This caused tensions between the 2 countries & the U.S. • Embargo Act of 1807 cut off trade w/European countries • 1809  the act was repealed  U.S. could trade w/any country except France or Britain

  3. Causes Continued • NW  British helped Natives raid U.S. settlements • Tecumseh  Shawnee leader joined several Native peoples together against the Americans & attacked the settlers • Tecumseh’s goal  drive all settlers out of the NW territory

  4. More on Tecumseh…. • President Madison  sent General William Henry Harrison to fight Tecumseh • 1811  Tecumseh left his HQ to meet w/Natives in the South • Harrison won @ Battle of Tippecanoe Creek • Tecumseh returned & the village was in ruins

  5. The War Hawks • American anger w/British grew  Brits were still practicing impressment • War Hawks wanted to fight • War Hawk leaders  Henry Clay of KY & John C. Calhoun of SC • War Hawks goals  gain control of Canada & push Spain out of Florida

  6. War Hawks continued…. • June, 1812  Madison gave in to the pressure of the War Hawks • War of 1812 began

  7. Fighting the War • For most of the war, Brits were more concerned w/battling the French • 1813  Capt. Oliver Hazard Perry defeated Brits @ battle of Lake Erie • Troops were unsuccessful in invading Canada through Detroit • Andrew Jackson defeated the Creek Indians in present-day Alabama

  8. More Fighting • April 1814  British defeated French in Europe & captured Napoleon • Focus now shifted from French to the United States

  9. The British Invasion • British planned a 3-part invasion • Part 1  Attack on NY from Canada (beaten back @ Battle of Plattsburg • Part 2  summer 1814 on DC • Part 3  New Orleans

  10. The Battlin’ Brits in DC  • British captured DC & burned several gov. buildings including the White House & Capitol • Dolley Madison saved several national treasures including a portrait of Washington

  11. Baltimore & the National Anthem • Fort McHenry was bombarded near the city’s harbor • Attack was intense throughout the night • Francis Scott Key  lawyer & amateur poet was visiting one of the attacking ships & penned the poem when he saw the U.S. flag still flying (Star-Spangled Banner)

  12. Battle of New Orleans • Defending the city  Andrew Jackson along w/some pirates, Native Americans, state militia, & free African Americans • In spite of the power of the British forces, Jackson & his “mötley crüe” defeated the British in a matter of about 2 hours • Battle actually took place after the war had ended

  13. Negotiating the Peace • Dec. 1814  British agreed to end the war • Both U.S. & Britain were tired of the war & neither side seemed too hopeful of winning • Treaty of Ghent  simply ended the war; no changes occurred at all for either nation

  14. Results of the War • Some called the war the 2nd War for Independence • Americans took pride in their country’s successes • New American heroes emerged • Need for strong gov. was realized • Country experienced a new sense of nationalism

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