CHAPTER: 14

1. CHAPTER: 14 OVERALL • Is the Reformation a revolution or an evolution of trends already in progress?

2. The Early Reformation • Based on the health of the Church PRIOR to 1500, was the Reformation inevitable?

3. The Early Reformation • What are some of the things that weakened the prestige of the papacy from 1300-1500?

4. The Early Reformation • What are the three biggest complaints concerning Church corruption in the 15th century?

5. The Early Reformation • How did Martin Luther’s pre-1517 life prepare him as a reformer?

6. How does Luther proceed to become a “reluctant revolutionary”? The Early Reformation

7. The Early Reformation • Once the split is final, how do Luther, and others, develop new Protestant doctrine?

8. The Early Reformation • Why is there such widespread appeal for Luther?

9. The Early Reformation • Which group seriously misinterprets Luther’s message?

10. The Early Reformation • What was the role of women in Lutheranism?

11. The Reformation and German Politics • Were the political ramifications of the Reformation greater than the religious ones?

12. The Reformation and German Politics • Who becomes the most powerful family in Europe?

13. The Reformation and German Politics • Why and how does the Reformation become political?

14. The Reformation and German Politics • What prevents Charles V from eradicating Protestantism in Germany?

15. The Spread of Protestant Ideas • How can the second wave of Protestant thinkers be viewed as more important than the first?

16. The Spread of Protestant Ideas • How does Scandinavia become Lutheran?

17. The Spread of Protestant Ideas • What is the issue with Henry VIII’s personal life?

18. The Spread of Protestant Ideas • Why is Henry’s Reformation political, NOT doctrinal?

19. The Spread of Protestant Ideas • How is Henry’s church challenged?

20. The Spread of Protestant Ideas • Why is Elizabeth I the “son” Henry always wanted?

21. The Spread of Protestant Ideas • Why should John Calvin be the focus of any study of the Reformation?

22. The Spread of Protestant Ideas • Where did Protestantism make inroads in Eastern Europe?

23. The Catholic Reformation • Assess the effectiveness of the Catholic Church’s response to the Protestant Reformation?

25. The Catholic Reformation • What is the difference between the Catholic and Counter Reformations?

26. The Catholic Reformation • What are the most reactionary elements of the Counter Reformation?

27. The Catholic Reformation • How does the Council of Trent (1545-1563) mark the turning point in Catholic policy?

28. The Catholic Reformation • Why do new religious orders embody the spirit of the Catholic revival?

29. Religious Violence • Is the wave of religious violence genuine fervor, or an opportunity for politicians?

30. Religious Violence • Which two treaties were intended to end hostilities in the 1550’s?

31. Religious Violence • How does a weakened France increase its revenue?

32. Religious Violence • How does religion cause civil war in France?

33. Religious Violence • How does religion evolve in the Netherlands?

34. Religious Violence • How does the Dutch Revolt evolve from 1566-1609?

35. Religious Violence • Describe the “English Phase” of the Dutch Revolt.

36. Religious Violence • How do social historians explain the insanity of the Great European Witch Hunt?

37. Religious Violence • What happens to the peaceful Anabaptists?