The Age of Jackson

1. The Age of Jackson John Quincy Adams

2. Opponents in 1824 John Quincy Adams[MA] (Monroe’s Secretary of State) Henry Clay[KY] William H. Crawford Andrew Jackson

3. Jackson ran as the “Common Man’s”Presidential Candidate • Jackson was a popular war hero after the Battle of New Orleans, and he decides to run for President, presenting himself as a “Common Man” of the people

4. Election of 1824 Write “popular vote winner” beside the candidate who won the most popular vote.

5. The Results http://www.historycentral.com/elections/1824.html

6. Election of 1824 • Write “electoral vote winner” beside the candidate who got the most electoral votes.

7. The Results http://www.historycentral.com/elections/1824.html

8. Election of 1824 • 131 Electoral Votes were needed to win • Jackson received a majority of the popular vote, but only 99 electoral votes • he did not have enough electoral votes to win the election

9. Election of 1824 • When no one wins whose job is it to decide the President and Vice-President? • US House of Representatives

10. Election of 1824 • Henry Clay is the Speaker of the House of Representatives it is his job to lead the election process • John Quincy Adams is elected President • Write “President” beside the person who became President

11. After Adams is elected Henry Clay is appointed Secretary of State

12. Election of 1824 - Outcomes • Many Jackson supporters called Adams’ election a… • CORRUPT BARGAIN! • Why?

13. Jacksonians (supporters of Jackson) left the Republican party to form the Democratic Republican Party • Jacksonians attempted to subvert Adams’ policies throughout his entire presidency

14. During Adams presidency, most States passed laws making it easier to vote. Where before, men had to own property to vote, now most only needed to prove that they paid taxes, and in some states there was universal male suffrage. • All of this increased participation in elections. Beginning of the Democratic Party

15. Voting Requirements in the Early 19c

16. Voter Turnout: 1820 - 1860

17. Andrew Jackson 1828-1836

18. The 1828 Election • In 1828, Jackson ran against JQ Adams again. • Jackson portrayed himself as a “Common Man” , “Old Hickory” • His supporters came from the South and the West Adams supporters came from the North

19. 1828 Election Results • Jackson easily won the election • The new “Jackson Coalition” was made up of: • Planter Elite from the South • People on the Frontier in the West • Artisans • State Politicians • Immigrants

20. 1824 1828 What does the election map of 1828 show about America that is different from the Election of 1824?

21. Jackson’s Inauguration

22. To The Victor Belongs the Spoils • After winning the election, Jackson implemented the Spoils System, where he rewarded those who had supported him by giving them government jobs. • The Republicans accused Jackson of buying votes

23. Jackson as Satan Dangles the Spoils of Victory over his Supporters

24. What effect do you think appointing his friends and supporters to government jobs had on the government?

25. Jackson's Native-American Policy

26. Investigating the Cherokee True or False? “Native Americans in the early 1800’s lived in the same way as their white neighbors” https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7LSkfmCj8Jg

27. Indian Removal • Since the War of 1812, many Native American tribes in the East had adopted the European culture of their neighbors. • The Cherokee had created… • a formal government with a Constitution • an alphabet created by a man named Sequoya • These tribes: The Cherokee, Choctaw, Seminole, Creek, and Chickasaw, came to be called the 5 civilized Tribes.

28. After gold was found on Cherokee land, whites began demanding that the Native Americans be removed to settle in land further West • Jackson had two choices: • 1. continue to assimilate the tribes • 2. use federal troops to keep white people out of Native American land

29. Jackson decided # 1 would not work and #2 would take too many people. To Jackson the only solution was to remove the Native Americans . In 1830 Congress passes the Indian Removal Act.

30. Cherokee Nation v. Georgia • The Cherokee sued the State of Georgia. • John Marshall threw out the case, stating that the Cherokee were not a foreign nation but rather a “Domestic Dependent Nation” • He told the Cherokee that they needed an American citizen to sue on their behalf • The Cherokee found Samuel Worcester.

31. Worcester v. Georgia • Worcester was an American Missionary who lived and worked among the Cherokee. • He sued the State of Georgia on behalf of the Cherokee.

32. In Worcester v Georgia, John Marshall ruled that because the Cherokee were their own nation that the state of Georgia could not force the Cherokee to leave. • However, Jackson ignored the Court’s ruling • In 1835, the government pressured a small group of Cherokee to sign the Treaty of New Echota, which gave 8 million acres of Cherokee land to the Federal government in exchange for land out in Oklahoma.

33. In 1838, Jackson’s successor, Martin Van Buren, would force the Cherokee and other tribes off their land. 4,000 Cherokee died on the 800-mile journey out West, which came to be known as the Trail of Tears. • The Supreme Court’s Role in Indian Removal http://www.annenbergclassroom.org/pages.aspx?name=an-independent-judiciary&AspxAutoDetectCookieSupport=1

34. The Cherokee Nation After 1820

35. Indian Removal

37. The Nullification Issue

38. After the war of 1812 British manufacturers sold goods to Americans more cheaply than American manufacturers could. • To protect American businesses Congress passed PROTECTIVE TARIFFs in 1816, 1824 and 1828. • Protective Tariffs: taxed foreign imports to protect Domestic (American) Industry

40. What observation can you make about the vote for the Tariff of 1828?

41. The Tariff Problem • Southerners (like John C. Calhoun) were upset about the tariff because: • It caused Britain to buy less cotton from the South • It forced Southerners to buy expensive Northern-made good

42. Southerners called the 1828 Tariff the “Tariff of Abominations”

43. Sovereign: having independent authority and the right to govern themselves

44. Calhoun and His Theory • The Union is made up of Sovereign States • These States have the right to nullify any federal law they believe to be unconstitutional

45. The Webster-Hayne Debate Sen. Robert Hayne[SC] Supported Nullification Sen. Daniel Webster[MA] Opposed Nullification

46. 1830 Webster:Liberty and Union, now and forever, one and inseparable. Union = Liberty

47. Jackson:Our Federal Union—it must be preserved. Union > Liberty

48. Calhoun:The Union, next to our liberty, most dear… Union < Liberty

49. 1832 • Congress passes another tariff.

50. What will JC DO NOW?? • South Carolina declared that the tariffs of 1828 and 1832 were unconstitutional and nullified them all and threatened to secede from the Union