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Abnormal Psychology

Causes of Psych. Disorders: Beliefs of the Past. Prior to the 1700's, strange behavior was believed to be caused by: The alignment of stars The Gods Evil spirits (demons) Mentally ill were thought to be witches Water-float test. Causes of Psych. Disorders: Beliefs of the Past. Treatments: Beat

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Abnormal Psychology

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    1. Abnormal Psychology Chapter 1: Introduction & Methods of Research

    2. Causes of Psych. Disorders: Beliefs of the Past Prior to the 1700’s, strange behavior was believed to be caused by: The alignment of stars The Gods Evil spirits (demons) Mentally ill were thought to be witches Water-float test

    3. Causes of Psych. Disorders: Beliefs of the Past Treatments: Beatings, burning, castration, teeth pulled Trephining, portions of intestines removed Had leeches applied to body ? suck out blood Had their blood replaced with animal blood Flogging, Starvation, Exorcisms etc.

    4. Confinement of the Mentally Ill Confinement of mentally ill began in the15th century Bedlam (London) Tickets of admission were sold Lunatic’s Tower (Vienna) English coffin “Hamster wheel”

    5. The Reform Movement: The Medical Model In the 4th century B.C., Hippocrates suggested that abnormal behavior was caused by a disease of brain/body Belief was short-lived; resurrected in 1700’s

    6. The Reform Movement: The Medical Model Philippe Pinel: Figured prominently in rediscovery of medical model Believed stress/physical illnesses caused abnormal behaviors Instituted many new ideas in regard to how patients should be treated

    7. Abnormal Behavior Defined A condition in which behavior, thoughts and/or feelings is/are judged to be diseased or disordered due to: Being unusual (atypical) Social deviance (cultural differences) Being maladaptive or self-defeating Faulty perception of reality Causing significant personal distress Being dangerous to self and/or others

    8. Research Subjects in Abnormal Psychology Population Sample Random sample Sample bias

    9. Research Methodologies Case study Naturalistic observation Correlation Coefficient correlation Ranges from +1 to –1; indicates strength of relationship

    10. Research Methodologies: Types of Correlations Positive correlation: Ranges from .01 to 1 E.g.: symptoms of schizophrenia and disordered behavior Negative correlation: Ranges from -.01 to -1 E.g.: medication and symptoms of schizophrenia

    11. Experimental Research Experiments Controlled scientific procedure The only type of research that studies cause and effect Manipulates variables Independent variable Dependent variable

    12. Experimental Research Consider: Schizophrenics who receive cognitive-behavioral therapy and medication show more behavioral improvement than those who are only treated with medication. What do we call this statement? What is the independent variable? What is the dependent variable?

    13. Experimental Research Experimenter Controls Experimental and control groups Placebo Placebo effect E.g.: Me and the “smart” drug

    14. Bias in Research Experimenter Bias Sample Bias revisited Most research is conducted on college students Males are more frequently the subjects of research studies Ways to prevent bias Blind experiment Double-blind experiment

    15. Other Concerns 1 Ethics (handout) Informed consent (WHO Declaration of Helsinki, 1964 Debriefing Critical thinking When given information, don’t just take it as correct Be skeptical, especially of how statistics are used

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