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SUGAR UP

SUGAR UP. QUESTIONS. SLOW TWITCH MUSCLES Thin fibers Many mitochondrion Aerobic Many myoglobin Dark Meat Long Distance runs. FAST TWITCH MUSCLES Thick fibers Few Mitochondrion Anaerobic Few myoglobin Light Meat Sprinters, weight lifting. CONTRAST.

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SUGAR UP

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  1. SUGAR UP QUESTIONS

  2. SLOW TWITCH MUSCLES Thin fibers Many mitochondrion Aerobic Many myoglobin Dark Meat Long Distance runs FAST TWITCH MUSCLES Thick fibers Few Mitochondrion Anaerobic Few myoglobin Light Meat Sprinters, weight lifting CONTRAST

  3. Trace path of oxygen and carbon dioxide as it passes through the respiratory system • Air enters nose and mouth • Air travels through pharynx and larynx. • Between these two is the epiglottis, a flap to control air going to the trachea (has cartilage rings to hold its shape). • Branches into two bronchi; branches even more into bronchioles.3

  4. Trace path of oxygen and carbon dioxide as it passes through the respiratory system • At the end of the bronchioles are grapelike sacs called alveoli. • They are surrounded by capillaries to exchange O2 andCO2 with the blood. • The membrane around the lungs is called the pleura. • The muscle called the diaphragm controls the inhaling and exhaling.

  5. Respiratory System

  6. Where is the trachea?

  7. Where is the trachea? (8)

  8. Where is the diaphragm?

  9. Where is the diaphragm? (6)

  10. Which is inhalation?

  11. Which is inhalation?

  12. Where does the oxygen enters?

  13. Where does the oxygen enters? Nose (1) and mouth (2)

  14. Which is the diaphragm relaxing?

  15. Which is the diaphragm relaxing?

  16. What is located at #11?

  17. What is located at #11? alveoli

  18. Respiratory System • In which two openings does air enter the respiratory system? • Nose and mouth • What is another name for the trachea? Where is it? • Windpipe and located below epiglottis

  19. Respiratory System • The trachea branches into what two pipes as it enters the lungs? • Bronchi • What are the grapelike clusters at the end of the small tubes in the lungs? • alveoli

  20. WHAT IS AT EACH AREA?

  21. What electron carriers are at “D” and at “E”?

  22. “D” = NADH “E” = FADH2 + NADH

  23. What waste gas leaves at “H”?

  24. Carbon Dioxide

  25. What processes are at A, B, C?

  26. A (glycolysis) B (Krebs cycle) C (ETC and chemiosmosis)

  27. What is at “A” and “C”?

  28. “A” = ETC “C” = ATP Synthase

  29. Which electron carriers are in the form WITH the electrons? • FAD+ NAD+ FADH2 NADH • FADH2 NADH

  30. NAD+ comes from: • Niacin • Vitamin C • Cholesterol • Vitamin E • ANSWER: niacin

  31. What is redox? • HINT AND WHAT IT REPRESENTS • Leo goes Ger • Loss of electrons = oxidation • Gain of Electrons = reduction

  32. Which is it? • C6H12O6 converting to H2O is being: • A. Oxidized • B. Reduced • ANSWER: Oxidized

  33. Which is it? • NAD+ converting to NADH is being: • A. Oxidized • B. Reduced • ANSWER: Reduced

  34. What process means without oxygen? • A. aerobic • B. anaerobic • ANSWER: anaerobic

  35. What does this enzyme do? • DEHYDROGENASE? • ANSWER: Removes hydrogen

  36. Which Generates the Most ATP • G. Glycolysis • K. Krebs cycle • E. ETC/Chemiosmosis • ANSWER:E

  37. Begins the oxidation of glucose • G. Glycolysis • K. Krebs cycle • E. ETC/Chemiosmosis • ANSWER: G

  38. Occurs outside the mitochondrion • G. Glycolysis • K. Krebs cycle • E. ETC/Chemiosmosis • ANSWER: G

  39. Produces 4 ATP/glucose by substrate-level phosphorylation (in the cytoplasm), but 2 ATP’s to get it started • G. Glycolysis • K. Krebs cycle • E. ETC/Chemiosmosis • ANSWER: G

  40. Oxidizes NADH and FADH2 to NAD+ and FAD • G. Glycolysis • K. Krebs cycle • E. ETC/Chemiosmosis • ANSWER: E

  41. Carried out by enzymes in the matrix • G. Glycolysis • K. Krebs cycle • E. ETC/Chemiosmosis • ANSWER: K

  42. Here e- and H+ combine with O2 to form H2O • G. Glycolysis • K. Krebs cycle • E. ETC/Chemiosmosis • ANSWER: E

  43. Occurs along inner mitochondrial membrane • G. Glycolysis • K. Krebs cycle • E. ETC/Chemiosmosis • ANSWER: E

  44. Generates most of the CO2 produced by cellular respiration • G. Glycolysis • K. Krebs cycle • E. ETC/Chemiosmosis • ANSWER: K

  45. FADH2 and NADH deliver H+ and e- to this stage • G. Glycolysis • K. Krebs cycle • E. ETC/Chemiosmosis • ANSWER: E

  46. ATP synthase makes ATP • G. Glycolysis • K. Krebs cycle • E. ETC/Chemiosmosis • ANSWER: E

  47. Reduces NAD+ and FAD, producing NADH and FADH2 • G. Glycolysis • K. Krebs cycle • E. ETC/Chemiosmosis • ANSWER: K

  48. What anaerobes can make ATP by fermentation OR aerobic respiration? • In other words, with or without oxygen? • Facultative anaerobes? • Strict anaerobes? • ANSWER: Facultative anaerobes

  49. What is an organism that normally uses aerobic respiration to produce ATP, but it can generate ATP without oxygen, via alcoholic fermentation? • HINTS: yeast, animals, plants? • ANSWER: yeast

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