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Ch. 2 Vocabulary: Ancient Egypt. 1. cataract – steep rapids formed by cliffs and boulders in the river. 2. delta – an area of fertile soil deposited at the mouth of a river. 3. shadoof – a water wheel used to lift water from the river for irrigation
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1. cataract – steep rapids formed by cliffs and boulders in the river. • 2. delta – an area of fertile soil deposited at the mouth of a river. • 3. shadoof – a water wheel used to lift water from the river for irrigation • 4. papyrus – reed plant of the Nile Valley used to make a form of paper.
5. hieroglyphics – system of writing made up picture symbols developed by the ancient Egyptians. • 6. dynasty – a line of rulers from the same family. • 7. pharaoh – an all powerful king in ancient Egypt. • 8. deity – gods or goddesses.
9. The Book of the Dead – a collection of spells and prayers that Egyptians studied to obtain life after death. • 10. Narmer – King who led his armies to unite Upper and Lower Egypt. • 11. embalming – a process of preserving a person’s body after death. • 12. canoptic jars - Pottery containers used to store the organs removed before mummification. • 13. mummy – a body that has been embalmed and wrapped in linen through a process invented by the Egyptians.
14. sarcophagus - stone coffin made to hold the body of a important person. • 15. pyramid - huge stone structure built by the ancient Egyptians to serve as a tomb. • 16. tribute – forced payments made by one group or nation to another to show obedience or to obtain peace or protection. • 17. incense – a material burned for its pleasant smell.
18. savannas – grassy plains that stretch across Africa south of the Sahara. • 19. Sahara - largest desert in the world. • 20. Giza – area on the west bank of the Nile which is the location of the Great Pyramid.
