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Energy Release in Cellular Respiration: Turning Sugar into ATP

Understand the process of converting sugar into energy via ATP through cellular respiration, the stages involved, and what happens when oxygen is not present. Learn about glycolysis, Krebs Cycle, Electron Transport Chain, and fermentation.

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Energy Release in Cellular Respiration: Turning Sugar into ATP

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  1. Situation: the autotrophs have produced sugar and oxygen. Energy 6CO2 + 6H2O  C6H12O6 + 6O2 Now – how do we RELEASE the energy in that sugar?

  2. ATP • Need to turn the sugar into • ATP is the cell’s energy molecule

  3. What Does ATP Do for You? It supplies YOU withENERGY!

  4. Adenine P P Adenine P P How Do We Get Energy From ATP? By breaking the last P – P bond P P

  5. How Does That Happen? An Enzyme! ATPase

  6. When is ATP Made in the Body? • During cellular respiration • both plants & animals do it!

  7. Cellular Respiration:releasing the energy in food as ATP

  8. Question: • In what kinds organisms does cellular respiration take place?

  9. ATP Cellular Respiration is the reverse of photosynthesis C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O+ energy

  10. What are the Stages of Cellular Respiration? In cytoplasm 1. Glycolysis (sugar is split) In mitochondria: 2. The Krebs Cycle (citric acid cycle) 3. The Electron Transport Chain

  11. ETC Krebs Cycle Glycolysis

  12. Look at textbook pp 222 - 228

  13. Step 1: Glycolysis Glucose 2 pyruvic acid C-C-C-C-C-C C-C-C + C-C-C • http://www.northland.cc.mn.us/biology/Biology1111/animations/glycolysis.html

  14. Mitochondria • Organellewhere cellular respirationtakes place.

  15. Step 2: Kreb’s Cycle C-C-C CO2 & a whole bunch of NADHs http://www.science.smith.edu/departments/Biology/Bio231/krebs.html

  16. Electron Transport Chain • High energy electrons used to convert ADP to ATP • http://www.science.smith.edu/departments/Biology/Bio231/etc.html

  17. CR: 36 NET ATP Glycolysis C-C-C-C-C-C C-C-C O2 ETC Krebs Cycle CO2 + NADH ATP + H2O

  18. Animation of CR:qcc.cuny.edu/BiologicalSciences/Faculty/DMeyer/respiration.htmlhttp://scholar.hw.ac.uk/site/biology/activity3.asp

  19. But what happens when there is no oxygen present?

  20. Only Glycolysis can occur O2 Glycolysis C-C-C-C-C-C C-C-C ETC Krebs Cycle

  21. Fermentation Occurs when O2isNOTpresent AKA anaerobic respiration Two types: Lactic Acid fermentation(muscle cells) Alcoholic fermentation(yeast) • Nets only 2 ATP (instead of 36)

  22. Lactic Acid Fermentation • Animals (pain in muscle after workout) C C C C CC C C C C C C Glycolysis Pyruvic acid Lactic Acid glucose

  23. Alcohol Fermentation • Plants and Fungi  beer and wine C C C C CC C C C C C Glycolysis Pyruvic acid Ethanol glucose

  24. Aerobic or Anaerobic Respiration

  25. Question: • Glucose (carbohydrate) is the main source of food for making ATP from cellular respiration. • What other food molecules can be used in Cellular Respiration?

  26. Other organic molecules used for fuel: 1. Carbohydrates:polysaccharides 2. Fats:glycerols and fatty acids 3. Proteins:amino acids

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