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metabolism

metabolism. all of the processes occurring in a person’s body. metabolic rate. the rate at which a person’s body uses energy. basal metabolic rate. the rate at which a person’s body uses energy while inactive. Aerobic Cellular Respiration. carbon dioxide. oxygen. energy. sugar.

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metabolism

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  1. metabolism all of the processes occurring in a person’s body

  2. metabolic rate the rate at which a person’s body uses energy

  3. basal metabolic rate the rate at which a person’s body uses energy while inactive

  4. Aerobic Cellular Respiration carbon dioxide oxygen energy sugar glucose

  5. Digestive System • breaks down food

  6. Respiratory System • supplies oxygen and removes carbon dioxide

  7. Circulatory System • transports food and oxygento body cells • transports carbon dioxide away from body cells

  8. Functions of the Respiratory System • breathing • exchanging gas between the atmosphere and the blood

  9. Functions of the Respiratory System • preventing foreign substances from entering during breathing

  10. mucus a thick sticky substance secreted by mucous membranes cilia move the mucus towardthe throat

  11. Functions of the Respiratory System • preventing foreign substances from entering during breathing • speaking

  12. nostrils mouth

  13. Nose • cleanses the air • mucus and cilia • warms and moistens the air

  14. pharynx larynx esophagus

  15. epiglottis a thin flap of tissue that folds over and blocks the opening to the larynx during swallowing

  16. vocal cords folds of mucous membrane within the larynx

  17. glottis the space between the vocal folds

  18. epiglottis over the glottis

  19. larynx = voice box

  20. pharynx larynx esophagus trachea bronchi

  21. bronchitis inflammation of the bronchial tubes

  22. pneumonia infection of the lungs

  23. pharynx larynx esophagus trachea bronchi bronchioles

  24. asthma a condition in which the bronchioles become constricted

  25. mouth nostrils nostrils mouth larynx bronchi alveoli

  26. pharynx mouth pharynx larynx nostrils larynx bronchi alveoli

  27. trachea pharynx mouth trachea nostrils bronchi larynx bronchi trachea alveoli bronchioles

  28. pharynx trachea mouth nostrils alveoli larynx bronchioles bronchi trachea bronchioles alveoli bronchioles

  29. Lungs • the main organs of the respiratory system • exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide with the blood

  30. Alveoli • microscopic sacs in the lungs where the exchange of gases takes place

  31. Alveoli • microscopic sacs in the lungs where the exchange of gases takes place • increase the surfacearea of the lungs • only one cell thick

  32. diffusion the movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration

  33. tuberculosis infection in the alveoli caused by bacteria

  34. emphysema causes the walls of the alveoli to become less elastic and possibly rupture

  35. inhale to draw air into the lungs exhale to force air out of the lungs

  36. breathing the process of inhaling and exhaling

  37. thorax the chest cavity

  38. diaphragm the dome-shaped muscle that separates the thorax from the abdomen

  39. inhaling exhaling diaphragm

  40. Hiccupping • occurs when the diaphragm contracts when theglottis is closed

  41. collapsed lung failure of the alveoli of the lungs to inflate properly

  42. extra air that can be exhaled1000 mL normal breathing 500 mL extra air that can be inhaled3000 mL extra air that cannot be exhaled1000 mL 3000 mL 500 mL 1000 mL 1000 mL total capacity of lungs 5500 mL

  43. digestion the process of breaking down food into smaller substances

  44. assimilation the process by which living cells convert nutrients into cellular structures

  45. mechanical digestion the process of grinding food and mixing it with digestive juices

  46. chemical digestion using chemicals to break down food into soluble substances the body can use

  47. enzyme a protein that catalyzes cellular reactions

  48. Functions of theDigestive System • mechanical and chemical digestion • absorption of food

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