1 / 10

~ Behavioral Psychology~

“The principle modus operandi of [environmental] organizations is to frighten people rather than offer them a world to which they will turn because of the reinforcing consequences of doing so”. B.F . Skinner Chapter 5. ~ Behavioral Psychology~

dragon
Download Presentation

~ Behavioral Psychology~

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript


  1. “The principle modus operandi of [environmental] organizations is to frighten people rather than offer them a world to which they will turn because of the reinforcing consequences of doing so”. B.F. SkinnerChapter 5 ~ Behavioral Psychology~ Contingency managementAmber GilewskiTompkins Cortland Community College

  2. Behaviorism or behavioral psychology: • Focuses on the ways in which behavioris controlled by the environment Environment: • The total physical, social, political, and economic situation in which a person behaves • The total environment cues behaviors, which then are followed by consequences: • Rewards • Punishers

  3. Schedules of Reinforcement Continuous reinforcement schedule: • People’s actions tend to change more quickly when consequences are consistently administered Portlandia: No Grocery Bag Intermittent reinforcement schedule: • Behaviors will last longer when reinforcers are withdrawn, and will extinguish more slowly • Behaviors developed under optimal reinforcement schedules can become habitual and thus very durable (i.e. charging for bags)

  4. Contingency trap: • Occurs when immediate short-term reinforcers are more powerful than long-term ones Behavioral engineering: • Involves altering the contingencies thatcreate or maintain destructive actions tomotivate pro-environmental behaviors

  5. People are more likely to act in environmentally responsible ways when reinforcers are intrinsic • In other words, when the activity is enjoyable or in alignment with the person’s values • Values aren’t typically sufficient to motivate behavior • However, the opportunity to reduce cognitive dissonance – the disconnect between attitudes and behavior – is reinforcing

  6. Community Based Social Marketing (CBSM): • Focuses on interventions that reduce or remove punishing aspects of behavioral change, in four ways: • Recognizing the barriers to environmentally appropriate behaviors • Selecting particular behaviors to promote • Designing programs that effectively address specific barriers • Following-up after the intervention to evaluate success

  7. Attempts to curtail environmentally destructive behavior are likely to extinguish if not consistently prompted(using SDs) or reinforced • Humans deplete resources because the real costs of consumption are not yet contingent on actions Social dilemmas or social traps :  • Happen when there is an inherent conflict between an individual’s self-interest and the interest of the larger group

  8. Steps of a self-control project: • Define the problem • Set a goal • Make a public commitment • Observe baseline behavior • Design a stimulus control • Formulate a contract  • Check on changed behavior • Consider ways of generalizingthe change to related behaviors

  9. Addiction: The Stages of Change Model. Reprinted from DiClemente, C. (2003). Addiction and Change: How Addictions Develop and Addicted People Recover, New York: Guilford, Figure 3, p. 30. With permission.

More Related