1 / 22

ABNORMAL PSYCHOLOGY SEVENTH EDITION

ABNORMAL PSYCHOLOGY SEVENTH EDITION. By : Oltmanns and Emery. Having a “lucky” seat in an exam? Being unable to eat, sleep, or study for days after the breakup of a relationship? Breaking into a cold sweat at the thought of being trapped in an elevator?

daw
Download Presentation

ABNORMAL PSYCHOLOGY SEVENTH EDITION

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. ABNORMAL PSYCHOLOGYSEVENTH EDITION By : Oltmanns and Emery

  2. Having a “lucky” seat in an exam? • Being unable to eat, sleep, or study for days after the breakup of a relationship? • Breaking into a cold sweat at the thought of being trapped in an elevator? • Refusing to eat solid food for days to stay thin? • Thorough hand-washing after riding a bus? • Believing government agents monitor your phone calls? • Drinking a 6-pack daily to be “sociable”? DO YOU THINK ANY OF THESE BEHAVIORS ARE ABNORMAL?

  3. Symptoms and signs of mental disorders are known as psychopathology. • Pathology of the mind • Abnormal Psychology is the application of psychological science to the study of mental disorders. • The line dividing normal from abnormal is not always clear. OVERVIEW

  4. Mental disorders are defined in terms of: • Duration or persistence of maladaptive behaviors • Impairment in the ability to perform social and occupational roles • Individual experience of personal distress RECOGNIZING THE PRESENCE OF A DISORDER

  5. Insight—the ability to appreciate the extent of one’s problems or the impact one’s behavior has on other people. • Interpersonal vsintrapersonal judgments DEFINING ABNORMAL BEHAVIOR

  6. Statistical norms—how common or rare it is in the general population DEFINING ABNORMAL BEHAVIOR

  7. Harmful dysfunction—Jerome Wakefield • The condition results from the inability of some internal mechanism to perform its natural function. • The condition causes some harm to the person as judged by the standards of the person’s culture. • Not every dysfunction leads to a disorder. DEFINING ABNORMAL BEHAVIOR

  8. Harmful Dysfunction (continued) • The DSM-IV-TR (APA, 2000) definitions places primary emphasis on the consequences of certain behavioral syndromes. • Mental disorders are defined by clusters of persistent, maladaptive behaviors that are associated with personal distress (ex: anxiety or depression, impairment in social or occupational functioning). DEFINING ABNORMAL BEHAVIOR

  9. Culture is defined in terms of values, beliefs, and practices that are shared by a specific community or group of people. Has a profound influence on opinions regarding the difference between normal and abnormal. DEFINING ABNORMAL BEHAVIOR

  10. Relativism --- the conceptions of truth and moral values are not absolute but are relative to the persons or groups holding them. • What is considered normal and abnormal differs widely across cultures and over time. • Cultural relativism • Historical relativism Culture

  11. Voodoo Drapetomania

  12. Groups representing particular social values have brought pressure to bear on decisions shaping the diagnostic manual. Culture

  13. Cross-Cultural Comparisons • All mental disorders are shaped, to some extent, by cultural factors. • Do we see eating disorders in countries where there is famine? • Have depression and anxiety increased recently? • No mental disorders are entirely due to cultural or social factors. • Psychotic disorders are less influenced by culture than are nonpsychotic disorders. • The symptoms of certain disorders are more likely to vary across cultures than are the disorders themselves. WHO EXPERIENCES ABNORMAL BEHAVIOR?

  14. What is the difference between normal and abnormal behavior? The differences between abnormal and normal behavior are essentially differences in degree, (quantitative differences). abnormal normal normal abnormal

  15. Depressed mood or dysphoria (a feeling of low mood, irritability, anxiety and/or despair) • Anxiety or tension • Affective lability • Irritability • Decreased interest in usual activities • Concentration difficulties • Marked lack of energy • Marked change in appetite, overeating or food cravings • Hypersomnia or insomnia • Feeling overwhelmed • Other physical symptoms, i.e. breast tenderness, bloating • To be considered as PMDD, symptoms must occur during the week before menstruation and remit a few days after onset of menses. • Symptoms must interfere with work, school, usual activities or relationships. • Symptoms must not merely be an exacerbation of another disorder. Diagnostic Criteria for Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder

  16. Frequency in and Impact on Community Populations • Epidemiology: the scientific study of the frequency and distribution of disorders within a population. Have there been increases/decreases in the diagnosis of disorders? Which ones? In specific areas? What role did gender, SES, race play? • Incidence: the number of new cases of a disorder that appear in a population during a specific period of time. • Lifetime prevalence: total proportion of people in a given population who have been affected by the disorder at some point during their lives. Who Experiences Abnormal Behavior?

  17. Frequency in and Impact on Community Populations • Lifetime Prevalence and Gender Difference • The National Comorbidity Survey Replication (NCS-R) found that 46% of the surveyed people received at least one lifetime diagnosis. See page 11 Figure 1-1 • Epidemiological studies consistently find gender differences for many types of mental disorders. WHO EXPERIENCES ABNORMAL BEHAVIOR?

  18. FIGURE 1-1 Lifetime prevalence rates for various mental disorders (NCS-R data)

  19. Frequency in and Impact on Community Populations • Comorbidity and Disease Burden • The presence of more than one condition within the same period of time. 23 percent of the people in the NCS sample had three or more lifetime disorders, and 50% were rated as being severe. Who Experiences Abnormal Behavior?

  20. Epidemiologists measure disease burden by combining factors of mortality and disability. • Although mental disorders are responsible for only 1% of all deaths, they produce 47% of all disability in developed countries and 28% of all disability worldwide. How does the impact of mental disorders compare with that of other health problems?

  21. Psychiatry:branch of medicine concerned with the study and treatment of mental disorders. • Licensed to practice medicine • Prescribe psychotropic medication • Clinical Psychology: concerned with the application of psychological science to the assessment and treatment of mental disorders. • Social Work: concerned with helping people achieve an effective level of psychosocial functioning. THE MENTAL HEALTH PROFESSIONS

  22. Insanity is a legal term that refers to judgments about whether a person should be held responsible for criminal behavior if he or she is also mentally disturbed. • Is the person legally responsible for his/her crimes because of mental illness? Insanity and the Mental Health Field

More Related