APA Style

1. APA Style The Basics NEC FACET Center

2. Allows others to access your sources Helps you stay organized Establishes credibility Prevents plagiarism Why use APA?

3. Setting up your paper: • One-inch margins • Double-spaced • Title page – centered text placed in top half of page • Page number in header (right justified) • Title of essay in header (left justified, all capital letters)

4. Breakdown of APA • Title page • Parenthetical citations • Reference page

5. Title Page Example Running Head: ALCOHOL USE AMONG TEENS 1 Alcohol Use Among Teens Jane B. Smith Tulsa Community College

6. First Page of Paper ALCOHOL USE AMONG TEENS 2 Alcohol Use Among Teens Begin typing your essay here. Remember to left justify, indent the first line of each paragraph, and double-space all text.

7. Use in-text citations when. . . • Quoting • Paraphrasing • Summarizing

8. Source within a source • Don’t quote a source that your source has also quoted. • Instead, find the original source and quote it directly. • This eliminates confusion within your paper and the reference list.

9. Include only the necessary elements, so I don’t become confused. How do citations work? They direct your reader to your reference page.

10. Necessary Info

11. Example: In fact, one technician suggests, “General wisdom of every new technology progresses through four phases: Disbelief, Hype, Backlash, and finally Acceptance or Rejection” (Feeley, 2006, p. 53). (Author’s last name, year, and page number)

12. Another Approach: In fact, Feeley (2006) suggests, “General wisdom of every new technology progresses through four phases: Disbelief, Hype, Backlash, and finally Acceptance or Rejection” (p. 53). When introducing a quote by an author, info in parenthesis changes.

13. What info would you provide in the parenthesis? A recent report indicates, “The Anycast Station features a six-input 4:2:2 video switcher, and audio mixer . . . and server” (_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ). Mill, 2006, p. 42

14. What info would you provide in the parenthesis? Lester (2004) argues, “few realize the price they pay for such extremities” (_ _ _ _ _ _ ). p. 32

15. A source with no author? However, some speculate, “35% will adopt these new systems by next year” (_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _). “America’s,” 2006, p. 93 Use quotation marks for titles of articles or chapters and italics for titles of books. If the source doesn’t list an author or editor, provide the first one or two words of the title.

16. A source with multiple authors? 3 to 6 authors first reference: (Kelly, Richer, & Switz, 2006, p.32) 3 to 6 authors subsequent references: (Kelly et al., 2006, p.32) 7 or more authors: (Kelly et al., 2006, p. 32)

17. Misc. APA Rules • Quotes longer than 40 words should be indented 5 spaces. • When summarizing, do not give a page number (only use last name and publication year).

18. Reference Page Author Publication Information Title of the Work Other Necessary Information

19. Book with one author: Simmons, L. (2004). Six steps to combating ignorance. Durham, NC: Duke University Press. Last name, First initial. (pub. Year). Title of book. Publication city: Publisher.

20. Book with two or more authors: Cleve, K., & Russell, M. (2005). A nation at a glance: America in the twentieth century. New York: Glenhaven. Cleve, K., Palmer N., & Russell, M. (2005). A nation at a glance: America in the twentieth century. New York: Glenhaven. Source with 7 or more authors: in-text citation - list only the first author; reference page - list all authors’ names

21. Article in an edited book or anthology: Smith, A. (2002). Editing for clarity. In R.M. Miller (Ed.), Writing with precision (pp. 120-132). Detroit: St. Martin’s Press. Last name, First initial. (pub. Year). Title of article or chapter. In Editor’s name (Ed.),Title of book (pp. ). Publication city: Publisher.

22. Article from a database: Moser, P., & Mun, T. (2004). Supply and demand. Business First, 32 (2), 34-37. Retrieved March 10, 2010, from General BusinessFile ASAP database. Last name, First initial. (pub. Year). Title of Article. Title of Journal, volume(issue), pp. Retrieved date, from database name.

23. Document in a website: U.S. Department of State. (1997). Germany: Economic policy and trade practices, 1996. Retrieved March 10, 2010, from http://tradeport.org/ts/countries/germany.html Name of organization or author. (pub. Year). Title of document. Retrieved date, from website url

24. Source with unknown author or editor. . . Book with unknown author: Taking control. (1999). New York: Norton. Start with the title—everything else is the same.

25. List the name of the organization as the author. Source with Organization as Author. . . Hawaii Department of Education. (2005). Kauai district schools, profile 2004-05. Honolulu, HI: U.S. Government Printing Office.

26. Invert each author’s name Put publication year in parenthesis after author info In titles of books and articles, capitalize the first word of the title and subtitle and any proper nouns. In titles of journals, capitalize first word and all other important words. Italicize all book and journal titles. Do not italicize or use quotation marks around article titles. Give the state only if the city is not well-known. Use a hanging indent . For each reference page entry. . . When in doubt, look it up!

27. Example of a Reference Page ALCOHOL USE AMONG TEENS 11 References Amanae, O. (2006). The basics of troubleshooting. Technology in a Modern Age Journal, 41, 72-79. Retrieved from Lexis-Nexis database. Brazil, K., & Mayes, S. (2005). Keys to aesthetics: The look of HDV technology. Denver: Green Publishers. Luther, L. (2005). Incorporating technology into the workplace. Business Forum, 35, 322-326.

28. I don’t bite—at least not very hard. Again. . . Consult a writing handbook when questions arise.

29. Helpful Websites • www.apastyle.org • owl.english.purdue.edu • http://lrc.tulsacc.edu

30. FACET Center Writing handbooks Editing help LRC APA Manual Bibliomaker Other Resources