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Unit 2: DESIGNING & DRAFTING THE CONSTITUTION: MADISON’S ROLE

Unit 2: DESIGNING & DRAFTING THE CONSTITUTION: MADISON’S ROLE. Context Madison’s research Madison’s goal Madison’s design Attacks on design Madison as “drafter”. STATES AFTER REVOLUTION. Constitutions, including bills of right (except New York) Criteria for citizenship, voting, etc.

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Unit 2: DESIGNING & DRAFTING THE CONSTITUTION: MADISON’S ROLE

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  1. Unit 2: DESIGNING & DRAFTING THE CONSTITUTION: MADISON’S ROLE Context Madison’s research Madison’s goal Madison’s design Attacks on design Madison as “drafter”

  2. STATES AFTER REVOLUTION • Constitutions, including bills of right (except New York) • Criteria for citizenship, voting, etc. • Bi-cameral legislatures (except Pennsylvania/Georgia) • Weak executives (except Massachusetts) • Short terms of office for elected representatives • Trade and foreign policies

  3. (Georgia). Although

  4. National Government After Revolution Articles of Confederation (1781) Federation of independent sovereign states

  5. Madison during Articles. . . 1779: Continental Congress—advocates strong national government (age 28) 1784: Helps form Patowmack Co. 1786: Attends Annapolis Convention; supports call for convention

  6. “Vices of the Political System”April 1787 • States . . . Long list of “vices” • Congress. . . Major problems

  7. Convention called for May 14, 1787 • Assignment: Amend Articles of Confederation • New Hampshire—delegates July 23 • Rhode Island: NO!

  8. teachingamericanhistory.org/convention/intro.html

  9. MADISON PREPARES GOAL: Americans must think of nation first, states second THEREFORE: Representation is main issue (Articles must be scrapped)

  10. Letter to RandolphApril 8, 1787 • See Volume I, “Primary Documents”

  11. Letter to Washington, April 16, 1787: Having "formed in my mind some outlines of a new system, I take the liberty of submitting them without apology, to your eye."

  12. VIRGINIA PLAN: The Design • 15 “articles” • Introduced by Edmund Randolph

  13. ACTIVITY I Prepare a schematic of the Virginia Plan

  14. Design under fire • Connecticut, New Jersey, Delaware, New York and Maryland’s Martin attack Virginia Plan • Convention thrown into crisis—June 29-30

  15. “COMPROMISE” • Oliver Ellsworth (CT): “We are partly national and partly federal” • Gerry Committee proposes change to national legislature • Gerry proposal wins 5-4

  16. Effects of Compromises • Congress reflects people and states • Congress will not be body Madison envisioned • What can Madison do?

  17. Madison as “drafter” • Could have quit • Works with Wilson on executive • Serves on Gerry Committee (ramifications of Connecticut Compromise) • Serves on Committee of Eleven (electoral college) • Serves on Committee on Style

  18. ACTIVITY II • Prepare a schematic of the Constitution • Compare and assess

  19. MADISON’S ASSESSMENT September 6, 1787, to Jefferson: the "plan should it be adopted will neither effectually answer its national object nor prevent the local mischiefs which every where excite disgusts against the state governments."

  20. CONCLUSION George Packer, 2008: Governing means mastering details, knowing options, using caution—that is, taking government seriously

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