Social Issues and Changes of the 60’s

1. Social Issues and Changes of the 60’s

2. Flower Power “Flower Power” referred to an ideology centered around peace and nonviolence. Kent State Shooting… Why did it happen and what impact did it have?

3. J. Edgar Hoover • How did he stay in control for so long? Harassed political dissenters and activists. Had secret files on political leaders. What is wiretapping and how did Hoover use it to? • First Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) • 1924-1972 Controlled the FBI

4. Rachel Carson’s Silent Spring • DDT proved just as effective as an agricultural insecticide. • Also could poison an area’s plant life, water supply, and wildlife. • Her book Silent Spring exposed the environmental impact DDT had. • Led to the Government regulation of insecticides. • Led to modern environmental movement. • Carson was a former U.S. Fish and Wildlife biologist • Investigated DDT

5. Cesar Chavez • Organized a boycott of California grapes that continued for five years. • 1970, the grape growers finally agreed to a contract. • Helped to earn Hispanics a more prominent place in organized labor. • Labor activists had tried to organize Hispanic farm workers. • United Farm Workers (UFW)

6. JFK • Jack Ruby kills Oswald before trial takes place. • Warren Commission findings • Who killed JFK? • Former first lady Jacqueline Kennedy was talking with a journalist. She described the years of her husband's presidency as an American Camelot, a period of hope and optimism in U. S. history, and asked that his memory be preserved. • Impact of 1960 Election. TV impact? • Youngest President • 1st Catholic President • Assassinated on November 22, 1963, in Dallas, Texas. Lee Harvey Oswald.

7. Robert “Bobby” Kennedy RFK • Won the bid for the Democratic National Primary for President. • Shot and killed following a victory speech. • What impact did the killing of JFK, RFK, and MLK have on society? • Served as Attorney General for his brother. • Stepped down from position to run for Senator for NY.

8. Youth International Party • Highly theatrical, anti-authoritarian and anarchist youth movement. • Known for street theater and politically-themed pranks • According to ABC News, "The group was known for street theater pranks and was once referred to as the Groucho Marxists'." • Called the Yippies, was a radically youth-oriented and countercultural revolutionary offshoot of the free speech and anti-war movements

9. Carl Oglesby • “Let Us Shape the Future,” delivered at an antiwar rally in Washington 1965, considered a landmark of American political rhetoric. In it, he condemned the “corporate liberalism”. • “we make no real effort at all to crack through the much more vicious right-wing tyrannies that our businessmen traffic with and our nation profits from every day.” • Proposed S.D.S. collaborate with the conservative group Young Americans for Freedom on antiwar demonstrations very unpopular. • Later voted out of leadership. S.D.S would turn into the Weather Underground. • Leader of Students for a Democratic Society • Opposed the Vietnam War

10. Ralph Nader • In 1965 with the publication of Unsafe at Any Speed, a critique of the safety record of American automobile manufacturers in general. • Book was ranked 38 of 100 most influential pieces of journalism in the 20th century. • 6 time Presidential Candidate • Has run on the Green Party ticket. • American political activist • Focused on consumer protection, humanitarianism, environmentalism, and democratic government.

11. Social Issues and Changes of the 70’s

12. Henry Kissinger • Opening of China • 1972 Summit Ends 23 years of diplomatic isolation and mutual hostility. Diplomacy led to economic and cultural exchanges between the two sides • Paris Peace Accords of 1973 • National Security Advisor and later Secretary of State Henry Kissinger negotiates the treaty for the US to end the Vietnam War. • Wins Nobel Peace Prize

13. OPEC How do they control prices? How much power does OPEC have? Ex. Oil Embargo 1973. • Intergovernmental organization of 12 oil-producing countries • Goal to pursue ways and means of ensuring the stabilization of prices in international oil markets. • OPEC became effective in determining production and prices.

14. Nixon • Initiated Détente • Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty • Wars on cancer and drugs • Wage and price controls • Desegregation of Southern schools • Established the Environmental Protection Agency. • Watergate Scandal • Nixon Resigns • Ford pardons Nixon • VP for Eisenhower for 8 years. • Elected President in 1968.

15. 1970’s Stagflation • Impact of wage and price controls. Nixon. • 1973 Oil Crisis • Energy Shortage Resulted in actual or relative scarcity of raw materials. The price controls resulted in shortages at the point of purchase. Stagflation can result when the productive capacity of an economy is reduced by an unfavorable supply shock. An ex. is increase in the price of oil for an oil importing country. Such an unfavorable supply shock tends to raise prices at the same time that it slows the economy by making production more costly and less profitable.

16. Carters Energy Conservation Policy • In television speech moral equivalent of war. • Solar water heating panels. • Turn down heat or use less AC. • Impact of policies? • SALT II • Soviet invasion of Afghanistan • Iran hostage crisis • Three Mile Island Nuclear Accident • 1979 Energy Crisis

17. ERA and NOW • National Organization of Women • Founded in 1966. • Supported the ERA in 1972. • Started a ratification campaigns in the 50 states. • The organization remains active in lobbying legislatures and media outlets on feminist issues. • Equal Rights Amendments • Started in 1923 by Alice Paul • Felt the 19th amendment hadn’t gone far enough to help women. • "Equality of rights under the law shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of sex • Introduced to congress for the first time in 1972. • In 1977 35 of 38 necessary states had ratified the amendment. • By 1982 failed to ratified by enough states and was never adopted.

18. Social Issues and Changes of the 80’s

19. Carter Loses Reelection Bid • Had to deal with Stagflation economy. • Unemployment Rate 7.2% • Re-instating registration for the draft. • Defeated by Ronald Reagan. • Ted Kennedy’s Dem. ambition to become President. • Also had opposition from Center John Anderson and Right Ronald Reagan.

20. The Reagan Years "Reaganomics" • Reduce tax rates • Control money supply to reduce inflation • Deregulation of the Economy • Reducing government spending • Inflation drops from 12.4% to 4.4%. • Unemployment from 7.5% to 5.4% • federal budget deficits and the national debt • Invasion of Grenada • 1986 bombing of Libya • Iran-Contra affair • Evil Empire comes to an end • 40% real increase in defense spending

21. Warren Court vs Rehnquist Court • Conservative Chief Justice • Limit the power of the federal government . • Increase the power of the state government. • Thus relied on the 10th amendment. Federalism by providing that powers not granted to the federal government nor prohibited to the States by the Constitution are reserved to the States or the people • If it wasn’t in the constitution he wanted to stay away from it. • Liberal Chief Justice • Law as an instrument for obtaining equity and fairness • Warren Court expanded civil rights, civil liberties, judicial power, and the federal power in dramatic ways. • Ended racial segregation in the United States. • Officially ended sanctioned voluntary prayer in public school. • High point in judicial power

22. Social Issues and Changes of the 90’s through Present

23. USSR Collapse • Dissolved on December 25, 1991 • Marked an end to the Cold War • Economic/Political Issues lead to collapse • Nuclear Terrorism scare

24. Gulf War • Iraq's invasion and annexation Kuwait • UN-authorized coalition force from 34 nations led by the United States • UN failure?

25. Clinton Presidency • 1992 Election 3rd party impact • First baby boomer president • Two Term President • Implemented Don't ask, don't tell • Family and Medical Leave Act of 1993 • NAFTA • Brady Bill • Raised taxes rich worked on the budget deficit • Budget surpluses of $69 billion 1998, $126 billion1999, and $236 billion 2000 • Impeachment Hearings • Legacy?

26. NAFTA • Canada, Mexico, and the United States • Eliminate barriers to trade • Issues race-to-the-bottom in wages, destroy hundreds of thousands of good U.S. jobs, undermine democratic control of domestic policy-making and threaten health, environmental and food safety standards. • Good or Bad?

27. Oklahoma City Bombing • 168 died, including 19 children under the age of 6 • 680 people injured • Timothy McVeigh and Terry Nichols • Ruby Ridge incident (1992) and the Waco Siege (1993) • McVeigh was executed by lethal injection and Terry Nichols life in prison

28. Columbine Shooting • Two senior students, Eric Harris and Dylan Klebold • Killed 12 students and 1 teacher • Injured 21 other students directly, and three others while attempting to escape • The pair then committed suicide • What impact did the shooting have on society?

29. Global Warming • The rising average temperature of Earth's atmosphere and oceans since the late 19th century and its projected continuation • Caused by greenhouse gases, deforestation, and burning of fossil fuels • Impacts: sea levels will rise, change pattern of precipitation, and expansion of subtropical deserts • What impact would this mean? • Why does Al Gore get a Nobel Peace Prize? • Is it climate change or climate patterns?

30. George W Bush • September 11th • "axis of evil" consisting of North Korea, Iran, and Iraq • Afghanistan importance in Terrorism • PATRIOT Act • No Child Left Behind • Hurricane Katrina • Tax cut program • Issues: Social Programs and budget deficits • Recession • Deficit Spending (stimulus package)

31. US Terrorism Time Line • 1998Aug. 7, Nairobi, Kenya, and Dar es Salaam, Tanzania: truck bombs exploded almost simultaneously near 2 U.S. embassies, killing 224 (213 in Kenya and 11 in Tanzania) and injuring about 4,500. 4 men connected with al-Qaeda 2 of whom had received training at al-Qaeda camps inside Afghanistan, were convicted of the killings in May 2001 and later sentenced to life in prison. A federal grand jury had indicted 22 men in connection with the attacks, including Saudi dissident Osama bin Laden, who remained at large. • 2000Oct. 12, Aden, Yemen: U.S. Navy destroyer USS Cole heavily damaged when a small boat loaded with explosives blew up alongside it. 17 sailors killed. Linked to Osama bin Laden, or members of al-Qaeda terrorist network. • 2001Sept. 11, New York City, Arlington, Va., and Shanksville, Pa.:hijackers crashed 2 commercial jets into twin towers of World Trade Center; 2 more hijacked jets were crashed into the Pentagon and a field in rural Pa. Total dead and missing numbered 2,9921: 2,749 in New York City, 184 at the Pentagon, 40 in Pa., and 19 hijackers. Islamic al-Qaeda terrorist group blamed. • 1988Dec. 21, Lockerbie, Scotland: N.Y.-bound Pan-Am Boeing 747 exploded in flight from a terrorist bomb and crashed into Scottish village, killing all 259 aboard and 11 on the ground. Libya formally admitted responsibility 15 years later (Aug. 2003) and offered $2.7 billion compensation to victims' families. • 1993Feb. 26, New York City: bomb exploded in basement garage of World Trade Center, killing 6 and injuring at least 1,040 others. In 1995, 10 militant Islamist were convicted of conspiracy charges, and in 1998, RamziYousef, believed to have been the mastermind, was convicted of the bombing. Al-Qaeda involvement is suspected.

32. President Obama • First African American to hold the office of the Presidency • Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 and the Tax Relief, Unemployment Insurance Reauthorization, Job Creation Act of 2010, and the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act. • Deficit Spending Issues • Health Care Act Issues • Don't Ask, Don't Tell Repeal Act of 2010 • Ended the war in Iraq • Increased troop levels in Afghanistan • Osama bin Laden Death

33. Nuclear Disaster • Japan Tsunami disaster • Japan Fukushima Nuclear Power Plant Meltdown • How did Three Mile Island (79) and Fukushima impact Nuclear energy in the US? • TMI some radioactive gases and radioactive iodine into the environment

34. Where is the US Today? • Impact of the Internet/industrialization • Impact of Globalization • 21st Century Cultural Conflicts • Where are we today and where are we going? • What would our founding fathers think?