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The Crusades

The Crusades. --------In The Name Of Jerusalem. Fion.JW. Causes and Background. The Early Crusades. Clare. The First Crusade. Clare. Introduction. The Second Crusade. Process. Evo. The Third Crusade. Spring. The Crusades of the Thirteenth Century. Effects. Cathy.

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The Crusades

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  1. The Crusades --------In The Name Of Jerusalem

  2. Fion.JW Causes and Background The Early Crusades Clare The First Crusade Clare Introduction The Second Crusade Process Evo The Third Crusade Spring The Crusades of the Thirteenth Century Effects Cathy

  3. General Introduction to the Crusades— the Holy War ●When What Why Who ● ● ● Why It Is Called The Holy War?

  4. Causes and Background External Internal VS The Byzantine Empire The Seljuk Turks Asked For Help The West

  5. The Byzantine Empire External Treats Seljuk Turks • Moved to Asia Minor • Manzikert • Anatolia, where many peasants, readily accepted Turkish control. Why?

  6. The Byzantine Empire Internal struggles ●Ambitious military leaders aristocratic families. VS What did the aristocratic families did for power? A self-destructive policy

  7. The Byzantine Empire Internal struggles ● The Catholic Church of the West the Eastern Orthodox Church ● Pope Leo IX Patriarch Michael Cerularius, formally excommunicated each other VS Reach a climax in 1054 VS

  8. The Seljuk Turks ●Nomadic ●Islam ●Flourished as military mercenaries ●Sultan” holder of power” ●In the late 11th century, exerting military power on Egypt and the Byzantine Empire

  9. The west The acess to Jerusalem was cut off Piligrames Did not develop isolated

  10. The Early Crusades Preparations for The “Peasants’ Crusade ： 1.Pope（教皇） Urban's speech：·remission of sins;·made glorious with the name of god. 2.Emperor Alexius： assemble their armies, raise money The initial response to Urban’s speech ： call to military arms and religious fervor（狂热）.

  11. The Early Crusades Leader:Peter the Hermit (self-appointed) Assembled a large army his reputation and preaching（说教） most of them poor andmany of them peasant Bad things they did:terrorizing the natives looting food and supplies. the persecution of the Jews They lose the fight:Emperor Alexis wisely shipped them over to Asia Minor where the Turks stationed.

  12. The First Crusade Pope Urban II inclined to trust Knights Crusading armies: The warriors of Western Europe particularly French Religious fervor Opportunity to pursue their favorite past time—Fight Gain territory, riches, status Motivated by:

  13. The First Crusade 1096-1099 1096 Begun 1097 Reached Constantinople 1098 The capture of Antioch • Jerusalem was taken, the massacre Had they stopped？ Against the wished of the Byzantine Emperor Organized 4 Crusader state: Edessa, Antioch, Tripoli and Jerusalem Location?

  14. The Second Crusade 1147-1149 ●The Crusader States were soon foundered, by 1120s， Muslims were striking back. ●1144, Edessa was recaptured Leaders: King Louis VII of France ●Leaders: Emperor Conrad of III of Germany Failure

  15. The Third Crusade 1189-1192 ● 1187 The fall of the holy city Jerusalem ● Muslim Leader: Saladin ● Emperor Frederick Barbarossa of Germany Philip II Augustus, King of France King Richard I The Lionhearted of England Drowned, army fell apart Went home Negotiated a settlement – free access to Jerusalem Christian pilgrams

  16. CHRONOLOGY The Crusades Fourth Crusade — sack of Constantinople 1024 Latin Empire of Constantinople 1024-1261 Children’s Crusade 1212 Fifth Crusade 1219-1221 Frederick II occupies Jerusalem (Sixth Crusade) 1228 First Crusade of Louis IX (Seventh Crusade) 1248-1254 Second Crusade of Louis IX (Eighth Crusade) 1270 Surrender of Acre and end of Christian 1291 presence in the Holy Land Crusades of The Thirteenth Century

  17. Effects ●Opened the door to the Oriental trade. ●Promoted urban development of the city and benefited for budding capitalism. ●The Crusades also prompted the famous Voyages of discovery and the Renaissance. How

  18. Information resources ●Western Civilization—Jackson.J.Spielvogel ●Crusades—In the name of Jerusalem ●Wiki ●历史—人教版

  19. Thank you

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