1 / 15

THE CRUSADES

THE CRUSADES. Monastic Revival and Reform. In the early 1000s, a revival began to spread across Europe Monasteries led a reform to return the basic principles of the Christian religion. Reform of the Church Village Priests were married and had families—went against church rulings

Download Presentation

THE CRUSADES

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript


  1. THE CRUSADES

  2. Monastic Revival and Reform • In the early 1000s, a revival began to spread across Europe • Monasteries led a reform to return the basic principles of the Christian religion. • Reform of the Church • Village Priests were married and had families—went against church rulings • Positions in church sold by bishops—simony • Kings in control of church bishops • expanded power and authority • Age of Faith—new age of religious feeling was born

  3. Reform Begins • 910 AD - Founding of Benedictine monastery at Cluny, France • Monks follow strict Benedictine rule • Reputation sparks inspiration • 300 Houses under Cluny’s leadership by 1000 • Influence of papacy—the position or office of the pope • Pope Leo IX and Pope Gregory VII enforce laws of simony and the marriage of priests. • By 1200s Church was revamped to resemble a kingdom—pope at the head

  4. The Great Schism • In 1300, King Phillip IV went against the power of Pope Boniface and created his own pope in the French city of Avignon • Of course each pope declared the other one false and this resulted in a spilt or schism in the Church • It ended in 1417 with the Holy Roman Emperor and his council making them resign and selecting a new single pope.

  5. The Churches Role • Popes power was extended • Curia—popes group of advisers acted as a court • Diplomats traveled through Europe for the pope and dealt with bishops and kings • The Church collected taxes—tithes • 1/10 yearly income • Hospitals

  6. How would your life be different today if church and state were not separated?

  7. Architecture • 800-1100 Built in Romanesque style • Round arches, heavy roof, thick walls, and tiny windows • Movement towards a new style—Gothic • Cathedrals thrust upwards, half-stained glass, high ceilings, sculptures, and wood carvings • Represented the City of God.

  8. Name some of the buildings you have seen that have similar architecture?

  9. The Crusades 1096-1204 • Pope Urban II reads a letter from the Byzantine Emperor asking for help with attacks from the Muslim Turks • A call is then issued for a “Holy War” –Crusade • Goals • to regain control of Jerusalem and the Holy Land • Economic motives

  10. Crusaders • 50,000-60,000 Knights became Crusaders • Laborers, farm boys, priests, bishops, and kings • Mainly French—also German, English, Scottish, Italian and Spaniard. • Knights were told they would be assured a place in heaven if they fought; possibility of claiming wealth • Wore heavy armor with red crosses sewn or painted across their chest • ¼ died along the journey • ¼ died in the wars

  11. First and Second Crusades • First Crusade 1097-1099 • Unprepared because they knew nothing about the geography, climate, or culture of the Holy Land. • No leadership or supply lines • Captured a small strip of land in Jerusalem • Second Crusade • Territory lost by 1144 to the Turks; organized to reclaim “their” land • Armies were unsuccessful and came home empty handed

  12. Third and Fourth Crusades • Third Crusades • Led by 3 Monarchs: Philip Augusts, Frederick I, and Richard the Lion Hearted—Philip drowned and Frederick pouted and went home • After many wars a truths was met in 1192 and Jerusalem was remained in Muslim control; Saladin promised unarmed Christian pilgrims could visit holy places • Fourth Crusades • There was a breach in the church in Constintantinople and the Church in the West, whose capital was Rome. The breach caused by the Crusades actions, became permanent.

  13. Spanish Inquisition • Isabella and Ferdinand wanted to unify their country under Christianity and to consolidate their power, so they made use of the inquisition. • Inquisition – Was a tribunal held by the Church to suppress heresy, heretics were people whose religious beliefs differed from the teachings of the church.

  14. Effects of Crusades • There was an increase of trade between Europe and Southwest Asia, these goods included spices, fruits, and cloth.

More Related