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The Crusades

The Crusades. Byzantine Empire was under attack by Muslins in 1093 and Sought Help from Western Europe. Pope Urban II launched the Crusades in 1095 He issued a call for a “Holy War” to gain control over the Holy Lands Pope Urban II hoped to unite the Roman and Byzantine churches.

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The Crusades

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  1. The Crusades

  2. Byzantine Empire was under attack by Muslins in 1093 and Sought Help from Western Europe • Pope Urban II launched the Crusades in 1095 • He issued a call for a “Holy War” to gain control over the Holy Lands • Pope Urban II hoped to unite the Roman and Byzantine churches

  3. Goals of the CrusadesEconomic Factors • Sought land from victories • Merchants profited from financing and assisting the journeys • Merchants sought to control the rich trade from the Middle East and India

  4. Social Factors of the Crusades • The Church and kings saw the Crusades as an opportunity to send quarreling knights on a common goal • Pope Urban II had assured Crusaders of a place in heaven for their struggle • Crusaders wore a red cloth cross across the front of their uniforms

  5. Political Goals of the Crusades • Pope Urban II hoped to re-unite the church and gain prestige in doing so • United different groups in conquests of the Holy Lands • Conquest of land was also a reason for the lesser nobility to participate in the Crusades

  6. Knights, Nobles and Merchants • Nobles raised the armies for the Crusades and helped finance them • Knights were loyal to their nobles and followed them into the Crusades • Merchants helped finance, transport, and profit from their participation • Merchants also hoped for access to the merchandise available in the Middle East

  7. Crusades • First Crusade 1096 – 1099 successful in capturing Jerusalem and establishing a foothold in Palestine • Second Crusade 1147 – 1149 organized to recapture Jerusalem ended in defeat • Third Crusade 1189 – 1191 three powerful monarchs, Philip II of France, Frederick I of Germany, and Richard the Lion-hearted of England participated • Richard fought the Muslin leader Saladin to a truce • Terms left Jerusalem under Muslin control but Christian pilgrims would have safe passage • Fourth Crusade never reached the Holy Land - looted and sacked the City of Constantinople • Later four more unsuccessful Crusades • Children’s Crusade 1212, 30,000 children joined, most starved, died of diseases or were enslaved

  8. Lasting Impact of Crusades • Showed the power of the Church to summons a call to free the Holy Lands • Merchants were able to expand trade that benefited both Christians and Muslims • Failure of Crusades lessened the power of the pope • Weakened the feudal nobility and increased the power of kings • Huge fortunes were lost and the fall of Constantinople weakened the Byzantine Empire • Left legacy of bitterness and hatred between Christians and Muslims • Left a legacy of less religious tolerance both for Christians, Muslims and Jews

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