1 / 20

Social & Economic Changes in Early 20th Century China

Explore the tumultuous era of 1919-1940 in East Asia, focusing on China's rapid population growth, challenges with food supply, and the rise of powerful groups like landowners and wealthy merchants. Learn about significant events, including the May Fourth Movement and the rise of Communism, amidst political turmoil and power struggles. Witness the transformation of Chinese society through key social and economic shifts, from rejection of Confucianism to women's liberation and the struggle of Communist forces against Chiang Kai-Shek's government. Uncover the complexities of governance, industrialization, and authoritarianism during this pivotal period in Chinese history.

bonner
Download Presentation

Social & Economic Changes in Early 20th Century China

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Warm Up CJ • SWBAT- learn about China • HW- bookwork due Monday • Test on Friday What is this poster saying? Why?

  2. East Asia 1919-1940

  3. Social & Economic Changes • Early 20th c. China -- Rapid population growth, lowering food supply, greedy landlords, frequent floods • Powerful in China: • Landowners • Wealthy merchants • Foreigners Educated Chinese jealous of lifestyle of foreigners

  4. Revolution & War • Defeat to international forces – many students thought Qing should be overthrown, China modernized • 1911 – regional army unit mutinied, Sun Yat-sen’s Revolutionary Alliance formed, Sun elected as president of China • 1912 -- Presidency turned over to General Yuan Shikai, who ruled as autocrat • Yuan Shikai wanted to be the next Emperor of China

  5. Sun Yat-Sen

  6. Warlords & the Guomindang • Paris peace conference (settlement of WWI) – Japan allowed to keep control of former German enclaves in China • Protests in Beijing and other parts of China, 1919 – May Fourth Movement • Regional warlords supported armies through plunder and arbitrary taxation

  7. The May Fourth Movement • Rejection of Confucianism, traditionalism • Western democracy idealized • Women’s liberation • Simplified Chinese script to increase literacy • Western-style individualism

  8. Sun Yat-Sen’s comeback • 1920’s – Sun Yat-Sen organized Guomindang party along Leninist lines – welcomed members of the Chinese Communist Party. • 1927 – Yat-Sen’s successor, Chiang Kai-Shek, crushed regional warlords • Chiang split with and betrayed Communist Party, started top-down industrial modernization • Chiang’s government full of corrupt opportunists instead of competent administrators – China remained poor

  9. Chiang-Kai Shek

  10. The Manchurian Incident • 1931 – Ultranationalist, young Japanese army officers wanted to colonize China • Junior officers made explosion in Manchurian railway post excuse to conquer all of province – Japanese govt. agreed after fact. • Heavy industries and railways built, armament sped up • At home – government more authoritarian, assassinations brought generals and admirals political power

  11. Mao Zedong & Rise of Communists • Communists main challenge to Chiang Kai-Shek’s government since betrayal • Communists fled to Jiangxi in SE China • Mao Zedong, son of farmer, took leadership of Communist party in 1920’s • Wanted peasant, agricultural revolution (departure from Marxist-Leninist ideology) • Advocated women’s equality, but top party positions reserved for men

  12. Mao Zedong • Son of landlord – but rebelled against father • Influenced by Marxist Li Dazhao • Became leader of CCP during Long March

  13. The Long March • Guomindang chased Communists into mountains • Mao responded w/Guerilla warfare and policies designed to win peasants over • 1934 – Communists surrounded in Jiangxi and forced to flee on The Long March – 6,000 miles on foot • 1935 – Communists arrive in Shaanxi much weakened and reduced in number

  14. Chinese communists on the Long March

  15. Women & the Revolution • Marxism – women as equal • Improvement of educational opportunities once in power • More women entering medicine & other professions than in Western world • Equal rights: property holding, marriage & divorce, authority over children • Women could be CCP members & officals

  16. Women & the Revolution (cont) • Other issues ignored: birth control & domestic violence • Almost all higher party positions held by men

More Related