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Mitosis

Mitosis. What is Mitosis?. Mitosis : Cell division involving somatic (non-sex) cells Involves only diploid cells End Result : Two genetically identical “daughter cells”. The Cell Cycle. Defined : Repeating set of events in the life of a cell 1) Interphase G1, S, G2 2) Prophase

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Mitosis

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  1. Mitosis

  2. What is Mitosis? • Mitosis: Cell division involving somatic (non-sex) cells • Involves only diploid cells • End Result: Two genetically identical “daughter cells”

  3. The Cell Cycle • Defined: Repeating set of events in the life of a cell • 1) Interphase • G1, S, G2 • 2) Prophase • 3) Metaphase • 4) Anaphase • 5) Telophase mitosis

  4. Interphase • Divided into 3 Stages: • G1 Stage • Normal function performed • Cell growth • Organelles created • S Stage • Chromatin (DNA strands) duplicated • G2 Stage • Cell growth • Normal function performed

  5. Prophase • 1st Mitosis Stage • Chromatin (DNA strands) coils into chromosomes • Nucleus dissolves • Spindle fibers form

  6. Metaphase • 2nd stage of mitosis • Spindle fibers attach to centromere of chromosome • Spindle fibers pull chromosomes to cell equator

  7. Anaphase • 3rd stage of mitosis • Spindle fibers pull ½ the chromatids to each end of the cell • Humans: 46 chromatids each way

  8. Telophase • 4th stage of mitosis • Spindle fibers dissolve • Chromatids unwind into chromatin • Nucleus reforms • Cytokinesis: division of the cytoplasm • NOT APPART OF TELEPHASE

  9. Nice animation of mitosis

  10. Animated Mitosis Clip Real Mitosis Video Clip

  11. Name that Stage! Metaphase Hint: Chromosomes are aligned in middle of cell

  12. Name that Stage! Telophase Hint: Cell plate is splitting the cell

  13. Name that Stage! Interphase Hint: Two normal looking nuclei of two cells

  14. Name that Stage! Prophase Hint: Chromosomes are forming and the nucleus is gone

  15. Name that Stage! Anaphase Hint: Chromatids are being pulled apart

  16. Prophase Metaphase Interphase Telophase Anaphase

  17. Name this stage of the cell cycle.

  18. Name this stage of the cell cycle.

  19. Name this stage of the cell cycle.

  20. Name this stage of the cell cycle.

  21. Name this stage of the cell cycle.

  22. Name this stage of the cell cycle.

  23. Name this stage of the cell cycle.

  24. Name this stage of the cell cycle.

  25. Name this stage of the cell cycle.

  26. Name this stage of the cell cycle.

  27. Name this stage of the cell cycle.

  28. Name this stage of the cell cycle.

  29. Name this stage of the cell cycle.

  30. Mitosis A Quick Overview

  31. Aging • Normal process • Observable changes in the body’s structure & function • Decreases the body’s ability to maintain homeostasis • Cessation of mitosis • Cells only divide a certain number of times & then stop • May be programmed genetically • Telomeres: Pieces of DNA found at the tips of each chromosome. • Protect the chromosome from losing base pairs • Guard against chromosomes sticking to each other • Each time a cell divides its chromosomes’ telomeres shorten. • After many divisions important parts of the DNA sequence may erode causing aging and or the death of cells. • Glucose • Gets added to proteins inside & outside our cells creating links between cells • Contributes to loss of elasticity and stiffening of tissues. • Free radicals • Cause damage to our carbon based molecules • Enzymes produced by organelles in our cells are suppose to break them down • Eating foods high in antioxidants (Vit C, E, betacarotene, selenium, etc) help combat the oxidation

  32. REview • In order, name the 5 stages of the cell cycle. • Pick a stage of the cell cycle. Name 2things that happen in this stage. • Review the picture slides. Identify the stages based on the picture. • The division of the cytoplasm is called _____. • Which cells divide by mitosis? • During which interphase stage is DNA created? • During which stage do spindle fibers form? • During which stage are chromosomes aligned in the middle? • During which stage are chromatids separated? • During which stage does the nucleus dissolve? • What are telomeres and what do they do?

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