Egypt By: Armando Aguilar and Dimitrius James

1. Egypt By: Armando Aguilar and Dimitrius James

2. Important Peoplepresident :Mohammed Hosni MudarakPrime Minister : Ahmed NazifMinister of Foreign Affairs : Ahmed Aboul Gheit

3. culture • Their religions are : Muslim 90%Coptic Christian 9% • Their main languages : Arabic (official) ,English ,French • Their ethnic groups are : Egyptian , Bedouin Arab, Nubian • Their foods are onions ,rice ,beans ,citrus fruits ,wheat ,corn ,barley ,sugar • Their clothing they wore : textiles • Although music existed in prehistoric Egypt, the evidence for it becomes secure only in the historical (or "dynastic" or "pharaonic") period--after 3100 BCE. Music formed an important part of Egyptian life, and musicians occupied a variety of positions in Egyptian society. Music found its way into many contexts in Egypt: temples, palaces, workshops, farms, battlefields and the tomb. Music was an integral part of religious worship in ancient Egypt, so it is not surprising that there were gods specifically associated with music, such as Hathor and Bes (both were also associated with dance, fertility and childbirth).

4. Government • Republic government has an elect head of state and not by inheritunce. The people elect the head of the state as in US the President who is the head of state fu fixed tenure

5. Location of Egypt • Is in northern Africa. The Mediterranean Sea , Red Sea boarders Egypt

6. Natural Resources • Worker produce aluminum , cement , chemicals , fertilizers , food products , iron and steel

7. Physical features • Physical FeaturesNile river (6,690 km), Sahara desert (8,600,000 km2), Arabian desert (2,330,000 km2), Sinai Peninsula, Lake Nasser, Qattara Depression, Gebel Katherina (2,637 m)

8. Important places of Egypt • Cairo - the capital city of Egypt for more than thousand years. It is estimated that from 12 to 16 million people live here. Islam is a predominant religion here, as it is in the whole country. Christians (Coptic tribes) are a very small group. Islamic Cairo has the biggest density of population and is full of small alleys, huts made of dry brick, goats, camels and donkeys. There are also a lot of mosques and temples here. Coptic Cairo was originally built as a Roman fortress town. It was a home of one of the first Christian communities in the world. One of the most interesting places in Cairo is the Egyptian Museum, which has a collection of pharaoh statues and the works of the ancient jewel art. • Giza - pyramids in Gyza are the best-known historical monuments of the ancient Egypt. The biggest and the most impressive of them is the Pyramid of Cheops, as well as of Chefren and Mykerinos. All of them were built more than 4.5 thousand years ago and their specific placement is nowadays considered to be a transfer of information between their builders and contemporary researchers. A huge Pyramid of Cheops is considered to be on of “the seven wonders of the world”. Another wonderful monument in Giza is the Sphinx. This statue is a very mysterious phenomenon of the ancient Egypt. • Taba - a picturesque town located on the border between Egypt, Israel, Jordan and Saudi Arabia. Sandy beach, numerous bars which attract tourists, small bays and lagoons create a contrast with a crude view of the mountains surrounding Taba. Only from this place, tourists can reach the famous rocky Pharaon Island. While paying a visit to this city, it is also worth visiting St.Catherine Closter on the Sinai Mountain, where a couple of ages ago the God spoke to Moses in the form of a burning bush. • Hurghada - with holidays to Hurghada you can expect lively beach resort than offers some world class scuba diving!

9. Environment of Egypt • Egypt has a very special environment, which has played a very big part in Egyptian history. Basically Egypt is really part of the Sahara Desert, which runs all across the top of Africa. But the Sahara is a really dry desert, and for the most part people • do not live in the desert (though actually the Sahara was not as dry in antiquity as it is now). But even in antiquity it hardly ever rained in Egypt. The reason people did live in Egypt, though, was that the Nile River runs through the middle of Egypt. The Nile is a big river. It starts in the rain forest south of Ethiopia, south of Egypt, near the A in Africa on this map, and it flows north into the Mediterranean Sea. (If it seems funny to you that a river flows north, so that it looks like the water is going up on the map, you're not alone. Lots of people find this hard to remember). • Water from the Nile makes it possible to grow crops in Egypt, especially grain (wheat and barley) and beans (like lentils or chickpeas). • The way this worked in antiquity was that every year it would rain so much in the highlands of Ethiopia that the Nile river would flood. Most of Egypt flooded every year in the late summer and fall (earlier in the south and later in the north). The flood waters were full of good black dirt (silt), carried down the river from central Africa by the flood. The flood waters would eventually go back into the river (after a few weeks), leaving the silt on the fields. This was a great natural fertilizer. The rest of the year, while the crops were growing, people got water from the Nile River to their fields in canals and irrigation ditches that they dug with picks and shovels. As soon as you are too far from the Nile to get the water to the fields, it turns back into desert again (as you can see in the picture).