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MIDDLE AGES / PRE-RENAISSANCE Middle Ages (AKA medieval times) 500 AD/CE – 1500 AD/CE

MIDDLE AGES / PRE-RENAISSANCE Middle Ages (AKA medieval times) 500 AD/CE – 1500 AD/CE Civilization’s “mid-life crisis” – transition from ancient to modern. AD 500 1000 1500 2000

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MIDDLE AGES / PRE-RENAISSANCE Middle Ages (AKA medieval times) 500 AD/CE – 1500 AD/CE

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  1. MIDDLE AGES / PRE-RENAISSANCE Middle Ages (AKA medieval times) 500 AD/CE – 1500 AD/CE Civilization’s “mid-life crisis” – transition from ancient to modern AD 500 1000 1500 2000 fall of Rome Renaissance Early Middle Ages (500-1000 AD) known as the Dark Ages Best known for 1. feudalism 2. rise of the Catholic Church Feudalism – social system based on 1. birth 2. land 3. loyalty Most people lived on estates called manors Kings/lords Lesser lords Knights Peasants/serfs Feudal contract – agreement between a lord (who gave land) and a vassal (who gave loyalty/service) Development of chivalry (code of conduct for knights) 10% of Europe’s population were nobles/lords, 90% peasants/serfs Average life expectancy was 30 years – concern with afterlife Catholic Church survived the fall of Rome unifying element in Europe (one common factor) acted as the “go-between” for man and God determined salvation

  2. What was required for salvation? 1. faith in God 2. good works Weekly/daily mass sacraments tithing relics Attendance at Church Required rituals (baptism, confession) 10% of income pledged to the Church Remains of saints, holy objects) Relationship of the Church to feudal lords/kings church provided blessing and support for the ruling classes lords/kings collected tithes, provided protection for the Church Later Middle Ages (1000 AD-1500 AD) Major events/changes 1. Crusades 3. Magna Carta 2. town life 4. Black Death 1096-1204 Crusades (wars of the cross) main issue (cause) control of Holy Land/Jerusalem main result increased travel/trade between east, wes Town life population shift to towns/cities – trade opened up social mobility ( chance to move up in class) rise of the bourgeoisie 1. merchants 2. bankers 3. artisans/craftsmen Magna Carta (Great Charter) – signed by England’s King John 3 essential ideas 1. even kings must follow the law 2. listing of individual rights 3. taxation must be fair 1348The Black Death (bubonic plague) bacteria transmitted by flea bites Carried on trade ships by rats 20-25 million killed – about 1/3 of Europe's population

  3. The Renaissance (about 1350-1650) • 1. “rebirth” of classical ideas ( ) • 2. remix of classical ideas into modern life • What made the Renaissance possible? • 1. Trade between Europe and the Middle East • 2. Rise of the bourgeoisie • 3. New ways to spread ideas • Why did the Renaissance begin in Italy? • 1. • 2. • 3. • 4. • What ideas were at the center of the Renaissance? • Humanism Humanities

  4. CHECKPOINTS 1-1: THE RENAISSANCE IN ITALY (pp. 48-54) Name__________________________________ What were the main characteristics of the Renaissance? _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Why was Italy a favorable setting for the Renaissance? _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ How were Renaissance ideals reflected in the arts? _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ How did Renaissance writings express realism? _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

  5. Feared Loved Hated If you’re Machiavelli’s Prince, where do you want to be? Why? Rate the zones from 1-5, 1 being the best, 5 the worst

  6. CHECKPOINTS 1-2: THE RENAISSANCE IN THE NORTH pp. 56-59 Name_______________________________________ What was the impact of the printing press? __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ What themes did Northern Renaissance artists express? __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ What Renaissance ideas did Shakespeare’s work address? __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

  7. RENAISSANCE ART AND ARTISTS • DEMAND FOR ART CAME FROM: • the Catholic Church -- decoration of chapels and cathedrals; illustration of Bible stories and teachings • city-states -- display of civic pride • middle classes -- display of wealth; portraits for future generations • NEW MEDIUMS AND TECHNIQUES • PAINTING • change from watercolor and tempera to oil paints • perspective -- illusion of 3-dimensional quality • chiaroscuro -- use of “lighting” effects • SCULPTURE • return to “free-standing” statues • larger scales of sculpture and architecture • WOODCUT PRINTS and ETCHINGS • allowed fine art to be mass-produced • SUBJECTS/THEMES of RENAISSANCE ART • RELIGION -- interpretations of Bible stories • Madonnas -- images of Mary, mother of Jesus • Pieta (Pity) -- images of the death of Christ • saints and other religious figures • HUMANISM -- Greco-Roman styles and stories • allegories -- symbolic works • portraits -- individual • genre painting -- everyday life

  8. RENAISSANCE ART CHECKLIST WORLD HISTORY -- Mr. Willis Name _____________________________ EARLY RENAISSANCE – most art was religious in nature and told stories SandroBotticelli (1445-1510) Donatello (1386-1466) ___ The Birth of Venus, 1485 ___ St. George, 1417 ___ Gattamelata, 1448 ___ David, 1452 HIGH RENAISSANCE – more classical / humanist ideas, studio system developed, bigger scale Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519) Raphael (RaffaelloSanzio) (1483-1520) ___ Mona Lisa (La Giaconda), 1504 ___ St. George and the Dragon, 1505 ___ The Last Supper, 1500 ___ La Belle Jardiniere, 1507 ___ various notebook sketches ___ The School of Athens. 1507-1511 ___ Baldassare Castiglione, 1504 MichelangeloBuonaroti (1475-1564) ___ Pieta, 1498 ___ Medici family tomb, 1520-1534 ___ David, 1504 ___ The Last Judgment, 1536-1541 ___ Sistine Chapel vault (ceiling),1508-1512 ___ St. Peter’s Basilica dome, 1546-1564 ___ Moses, 1513 ___ The Deposition of Christ, 1550-1555 NORTHERN RENAISSANCE – realistic portraits; very detailed; symbolism and social comment Jan van Eyck (1370?-1440) ___ The Arnolfini Wedding, 1434 Albrecht Durer (1473-1528) Pieter Breughel (the Elder) (1525-1569) ___ Self-portrait at 28, 1500 ___ The Peasant Wedding, 1567 ___ A Young Hare (watercolor), 1502 ___ Hunters in the Snow, 1565 ___ The Four Horsemen (woodcut), 1498 ___ The Beggars, 1548 ___ The Bagpiper (woodcut), 1514 Rembrandt van Rijn (1606-1668) Hieronymus Bosch (1450-1516) ___ Philosopher in Meditation, 1632 ___ Death and the Miser, 1485?-1490? ___ Self-portraits, 1630s-1680s ___ The Ship of Fools, 1490?-1500? ___ The Three Crosses (etchings), 1653 ___ The Last Judgment, 1500s

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