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The Cold War

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The American Century.

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The Cold War

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    1. The Cold War Foundations and Assumptions (1945 – 1955)

    2. The American Century “Americans must accept wholeheartedly our duty and our opportunity as the most powerful and vital nation in the world and in consequence to assert upon the world the full impact of our influence, for such means we see fit.” Henry Luce (1941) Founder / Publisher of Fortune and Time Magazines

    3. Controlling Questions – Cold War What does the term “Cold War” Mean? How did the legacies of WWII build the foundation? Outcomes of Cold War – Impact on the United States What caused the Cold War? What was the Ideology of Containment? What were the U.S.’s Policies?

    4. Two Interpretations The Cold War Was Not Inevitable Political and Military Reality Misunderstandings Between Policy Makers of U.S. and USSR The Cold War Represents a Paradox Conformity to “True American Values Economic Prosperity and Socio Economic Mobility of Middle- and Working Class Americans

    5. The Cold War What is meant by the Cold War? Timeline Phase One – 1945 – 1950 – Most Dangerous Phase Two – 1950 – 1970s – 007 Phase Three – 1970s – 1989 - Detente

    6. Legacies of World War II The United States Economics Death and Destruction – 500,000 Status in World Europe – The Human Factor Germany – 6.8 million Soviet Union – 20.6 million Asia Japan – Occupied China – Revolution French Indochina (Vietnam) – Nationalism and War for Independence

    7. Legacies: Shift in Power Structure Western European Nations – Loss of Power Impact of War Neo-colonialism – loss of “colonies” Two Super Powers The United States – Democracy The Soviet Union - Communism

    8. Outcomes – United States Economic Prosperity Conformity & Consensus At Home The American “Empire” Social & Reform Darwinism Spread Democracy and Capitalism Vietnam – Case Study

    9. The Tentacles of Communism: Domestic Anti-Communism Response: “McCarthyism” House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC) American Society – Conformity Women Racial Ethnic Groups Members of Labor Unions Educators and Journalists Left-leaning liberals, socialists, members of the American communist party

    10. Causes: Two Points of View United States Political Perspective: Democracy Fear: Ghost of Depression Past and Depression Future Need: Free Markets for Trade – Global Economy The Soviet Union Political Perspective: Communism Fear: National Security – Future Invasions Need: “Buffer Zone” – Eastern Europe and Weak Germany

    11. Ideology: The Policy of Containment What is Containment? Underlying Assumptions: The Soviet Union Planned to Expand Its Influence Impact on US: Notion of Democracy and Self Determination of Nations Economic Impact – Rob US of its Global Markets George Kennan Concept of Containment Recommendations: Economic & Education

    12. Atomic Diplomacy Manhattan Project (1942) Truman & Potsdam (1945) Atomic Energy Commission (1946) “Big Joe” - 1949

    13. United States’ “Declarations of War” Truman Doctrine – 1947 Fight Communism Everywhere Marshal Plan – 1948 - $13 billion – Economic Aid to Western Europe - North Atlantic Treaty Organization – 1949 Military Alliance NSC-68 – 1947 Defense Spending - $13 - $50 billion per year

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