PREHISTORY UNIT 8

1. PREHISTORY UNIT 8

2. BEFORE STARTING… A BIT OF ORDER IN OUR PAST… LET´S START BY TIMELINES… Timelines??? A representation or exhibit of key events within a particular historical period, often consisting of illustrative visual material accompanied by written commentary, arranged chronologically What are timelines????

3. IN THIS UNIT, YOU WILL LEARN ABOUT HUMAN EVOLUTION IDENTIFY THE PERIODS OF PREHISTORY AND STUDY THEIR CHARACTERISTICS LEARN WHEN HUMANS BEGAN TO USE METALS WORK OUT HISTORICAL PERIODS AND DATES USE INTERNET SOURCES ON PREHISTORY IN SPAIN

4. PREHISTORY DEFINITION PREHISTORY IS THE EARLIEST, AND LONGEST, PERIOD OF HISTORY. IT COVERS ALL HUMAN HISTORY UNTIL WRITING WAS INVENTED, ABOUT 5000 YEARS AGO PREHISTORY INCLUDES THE STUDY OF HOMINIDS, THE EARLY PRIMATES AS THERE ARE NO WRITTEN RECORDS FOR THIS PERIOD WE EXAMINE REMAINS LIKE BONES, TOOLS OF CAVE PAINTIGS

5. HOMINISATION THE PROCESS BY WHICH HUMAN BEINGS ACQUIRED THEIR PRESENT CHARACTERISTICS DURING THEIR SLOW EVOLUTION OVER A LONG PERIOD OF TIME IS AS HOMINIDS LEARNED TO WALK UPRIGHT ON TWO LEGS, THEIR HANDS BECAME FREE TO USE TOOLS AFTER HOMINIDS DISCOVERED FIRE, THEY LEARN TO COOK. CONSEQUENTLY, THEY ATE SOFTER FOOD, AND THEIR JAWBONES AND TEETH BECAME SMALLER THE SKULLS OF HOMINIDS GREW BIGGER AND THEIR BRAIN SIZE ALSO INCREASED. THIS HELPED THEM TO THINK CREATIVELY, TO ACQUIRE LANGUAGE AND TO COMMUNICATE

6. Thefirsthominids Fossilremains of theearliesthominidswerefound in severalsites in theRift Valleyin East Africa. Somehominidslived in Africa more than 4 millionyears ago. SCIENTISTS BELIEVE THAT THE ANCESTORS OF ALL HUMAN BEINGS ORIGINALLY LIVED IN AFRICA werefound In Africa Later, therewereseveralwaves of migrationfromAfricaintoEurope and Asia. Theremainsof Homo antecesorfound at Atapuerca (Burgos) are theoldestontheIberianPeninsula Hominidsfirstappeared in East Africa and fromtheretheycolonisedtherest of theplanet. Duringtheprocesstheyevolvedintohumanbeingsweseetoday EVOLUCIÓN DEL SER HUMANO 4:53

7. ThePaleolithicage THE PALEOLITHIC AGE (or “oldstone”lastedfrom 2,50 millionyearsagotoabout 10.000 yearsago definition ARE WE IN THE RIGHT PLACE???? I am the Homo Habilis, Who are you? Therewereverycoldperiodswhenmanyparts of theEarthwerecovered in ice, buttherewerealsomilderperiods. Homo habilis, Spanish , 10´

8. LIFESTYLE IN THE PALEOLITHIC AGE Earlyhumanslearnedtoadapttothechanges in their natural environment And I am the Homo Erectus, theonewhoinventedthefire, do yourememberhowmuchimprovementdidwegetwiththisinvention…? Earlyhumanshunted, fished and gatheredfruit Theywerenomadswho moved around in groupstofindfood. Theylived in simple shelters and sometimes in caves Theymadestonetools

9. BELIEFS AND ART Earlyhumansburieddeadpeoplewith funeral objects. This shows thattheyhadreligiousbeliefs. I am the Homo antecessorfromAtapuerca (Burgos, Spain) I am a directancestor of the Homo Sapiens and Homo Neanderthal Theypractisedritualstoprotectthemselvesagainst natural dangerslikelightning Theypaintedanimalson caves using natural materialslikecoal, blood and plants Itispossiblethattheybelievedthatpaintingwasmagical and ledtosuccessfulhunting Theyalsomadestatues of women. Thesewere so exaggeratedthatisbelievedtheywereprobablyfertility symbols

10. HOMANISATION LAST CHAPTER HOMO NEANDERTHALENSIS HOMO HEILDERBENGENSIS IT WAS EXTINCTED ONCE H. SAPIENS EXTENDED BIG BRAIN 1700 CC LINK BETWEEN H. ANTECESSOR AND H. NEANDERTHALENSIS HOMO SAPIENS

11. THE NEOLITHIC AGE THE NEOLITHIC AGE –OR NEW STONE- BEGAN ABOUT 8000BC, AND LASTED UNTIL 4000BC PEOPLE STARTED CULTIVATING PLANTS, AND DEVELOPED AGRICULTURE. THEY DOMESTICATED ANIMALS. AT THE BEGINNING OF THIS PERIOD, THE EARTH´S CLIMATE BECAME WARMER. THE ICE THAT COVERED PARTS OF THE EARTHS´S SURFACE MELTED, SO PEOPLE LIVED IN NEW TYPES OF LANDSCAPES. THIS LED TO MANY CHANGES THEY COULD NOW USE LIVESTOCK TO HAVE MEAT, MILK AND LEATHER WHEN THEY WANTED ALL THESE CHANGES TOGETHER WERE SO IMPORTANT THAT WE CALL THIS PERIOD THE NEOLITHIC REVOLUTION POTTERY WAS INVENTED. THEY COULD NOW USE POTS TO TRANSPORT FOOD AND WATER. TEXTILES AND BASKETS WERE INVENTED PEOPLE MADE MUCH BETTER TOOLS, LIKE PLOUGHS AND WEAPONS, LIKE AXES

12. GROUP WORK: HOW MANY DIFFERENT ACTIVITIES CAN YOU IDENTIFY -OR GUESS- THEY ARE DOING? THE LIFE STYLE IN THE NEOLITHIC AGE THE NEOLITHIC REVOLUTION CAUSED MANY CHANGES IN PEOPLES´ LIVES TASK IN GROUPS: DISCUSS FOR SOME MINUTES SOME OF THOSE CHANGES... PEOPLE DID NOT NEED TO MOVE AROUND TO FIND FOOD BECAUSE THEY NOW HAD LIVESTOCK AND AGRICULTURE. THEY THEREFORE BECAME… YES, THEY BECAME… SEDENTARY WHAT DID THEY BECOME? POPULATION INCREASED BECAUSE PEOPLE ATE BETTER FOOD SOCIETY BECAME MORE COMPLEX. SOME PEOPLE WORK AS ARTISANS, AND OTHERS WORKED IN AGRICULTURE BARTER: Totradegoodsorserviceswithouttheexchange of money WHEN SETTLEMENTS PRODUCED MORE THAN THEY NEEDED, THEY EXCHANGED PRODUCTS WITH OTHER SETTLEMENTS. THIS IS THE BEGINNING OF TRADE IT WAS CALLED BARTER SPECIALISATION APPEARS. THE CRAFTSMEN MADE TOOLS AND WEAPONS. THE FARMERS CULTIVATED THE FIELDS AND ROSE THE LIVESTOCK BUT, WHAT IS BARTER?

13. NEOLITHIC CULTURE NEOLITHIC CULTURE DEVELOPED IN DIFFERENT PLACES, ESPECIALLY WHERE WERE GREAT RIVERS PLAINS

14. THE METAL AGES FROM 4000 BC, PEOPLE IN THE MIDDLE EAST BEGAN TO MAKE METAL OBJECTS. WEAPONS THEY USED FIRE TO HEAT METAL AND TURN IT INTO TOOLS AN WEAPONS THESE PERIODS DID NOT BEGIN AT THE SAME TIME IN ALL PARTS OF THE WORLD

15. THE METAL AGES THE USE OF THE METAL LED TO IMPORTANT CHANGES METAL WORKING WAS COMPLEX, SO WORKERS BECAME MORE SPECIALISED METAL TOOLS, SUCH AS THE PLOUGH, IMPROVED TECHNIQUES IN AGRICULTURE PEOPLE WHO HAD METAL WEAPONS, LIKE SWORDS AND SPEARS, ACQUIRED GREATER POWER. SETTLEMENTS NEEDED WALLS FOR PROTECTION INCREASED TRADE, AND THE INVENTION OF MONEY, LED TO GREATER SOCIAL DIFFERENCES BETWEEN THE RICH AND POOR

16. LIFE STYLE IN THE METAL AGES

17. BELIEFS AND ART DURING THE METAL AGES THESE ENORMOUS STONE CONSTRUCTIONS WERE KNOWN AS MEGALITHIC MONUMENTS. THEY WERE RELIGIOUS SITES AND TOMBS

18. ANY QUESTIONS?