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World War II

World War II. I. Mobilization on the Home Front A. Americans Join the War Effort 1. Selective Service and the GI—5 million men volunteered after Pearl Harbor, the draft added another 10 million

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World War II

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  1. World War II

  2. I. Mobilization on the Home Front A. Americans Join the War Effort 1. Selective Service and the GI—5 million men volunteered after Pearl Harbor, the draft added another 10 million 2. After eight weeks of basic training raw recruits were turned into battle- ready soldiers

  3. 3. Women in the military—250000 women served in auxiliary branches 4. Minorities in the military—African Americans, Native Americans, Asian Americans and Mexican Americans suffered discrimination and prejudice, but still joined and fought in the military

  4. B. Life on the Home Front 1. The industrial response—factories retool to produce war materials 2. Labor’s contribution—women and minorities filled the void in the labor force

  5. 3. A. Philip Randolph organized a march on Washington to protest discrimination in the military and industry (FDR issued an executive order banning discrimination in defense industries and the march was cancelled) 4. Mobilization of scientists—scientists develop improvements in radar and sonar, pesticides and antibiotics along with the atomic bomb in the Manhattan Project

  6. 5. Changes in entertainment—movies, music, magazines, and radio http://www.earthstation1.com/pgs/wwii/dos-Morrow400824.m3u.html

  7. C. The Federal Government Takes Control 1. Internment of Japanese Americans— 100000 Japanese Americans were rounded up and shipped to internment camps. Why? a. racism b. wartime hysteria c. failure of political leadership

  8. 2. Economic controls a. The Office of Price Administration (OPA) froze prices on most goods b. Congress raised taxes c. The War Production Board (WPB) made sure the military received the resources they needed to win the war d. Americans had to ration most goods e. Americans bought war bonds to fund the war

  9. II. The war for Europe and North Africa A. Europe First—FDR and Churchill decide that their first priority is to defeat Hitler. Why? 1. Hitler was the more immediate threat 2. The Soviet Union and Great Britain were desperate for help and could be helped 3. After Germany was defeated the US could get help from the Russians and British against Japan

  10. B. The Battle of the Atlantic 1. German U-boats sank many US ships in the months after Pearl Harbor—some of them just off of the coast of NJ 2. The ships were then organized into convoys escorted by destroyers which sank many U-boats 3. The US also started churning out many ships to replace those lost http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2imOf6-H3tI

  11. C. The Eastern Front and the Mediterranean 1. Soviet victory at Stalingrad was a turning point in the war—had they lost Germany may have conquered the Soviet Union 2. The US and Great Britain invaded North Africa in Operation Torch 1. The Allies defeated the Germans in North Africa in May 1943 2. What to do next?

  12. 3. The Italian Campaign a. Churchill wanted to attack the “soft underbelly” of the axis b. FDR wanted a cross channel invasion c. The Allies invaded Sicily in July 1943— Mussolini was overthrown d. Italy tried to switch sides and the Nazis took control of the country e. The Allies fought the Germans for control of Italy in a bloody campaign costing 190,000 casualties

  13. D. The Allies Liberate Europe 1. Operation Overlord—the invasion of Hitler’s fortress in Europe a. largest invasion force in history b. June 6th, 1944 known as D-Day c. this was the beginning of the end for Hitler

  14. 2. The Battle of the Bulge a. In December 1944 the Germans tried one last offensive against the Americans in Belgium b. After intense fighting the Nazis were in retreat

  15. 3. Liberation of the Death Camps—the Soviets and the Americans were overwhelmed

  16. 4. Unconditional surrender a. Berlin was surrounded by Soviet troops b. Hitler “allegedly” committed suicide in his bunker c. On May 8, 1945 or V-E day (Victory in Europe Day)—Germany surrendered

  17. III. The War in the Pacific A. The Allies stem the Japanese tide 1. Japanese Advances—in the first six months after Pearl Harbor Japan conquered one of the largest empires in history 2. The Americans surrender in the Philippines 3. US retaliation a. April 1942—the Doolittle raid over Tokyo lifted US spirits and raised doubts in Japan b. Battle of the Coral Sea in May, 1942 saved Australia

  18. 4. Battle of Midway, June 1942—the US saved Hawaii

  19. 5. Island hopping—the strategy of isolating well-fortified Japanese islands by leap- frogging them and then cutting them off from supply a. Guadalcanal—August 1942 to January 1943 b. first US offensive of the Pacific Theater c. Hellish jungle warfare d. First Japanese land defeat

  20. 6. October 1944—Battle of Leyte Gulf was the largest naval battle in history a. Japan uses the kamikaze b. Japanese navy destroyed c. General MacArthur returned to the Philippines 7. Iwo Jima—6000 marines killed to take this island in order to build an airfield to bomb Japan

  21. 8. FDR died in April 1945 9. Battle of Okinawa—fierce fighting 7600 Americans killed, 110,000 Japanese killed by June 1945

  22. B. The Atomic Bomb Ends the War 1. The Manhattan Project—the creation of an atomic bomb a. One of the largest scientific projects in history b. A huge secret c. July 1945—the first successful test in New Mexico

  23. 2. To bomb or not to bomb a. was it moral to drop these bombs? b. Truman decides that the bombs were legitimate weapons and gave the order to use them

  24. 3. Hiroshima and Nagasaki a. 200,000 people killed b. Japan surrendered C. The Rebuilding begins 1. The UN is created 2. Stalin agreed to “free elections” in Eastern Europe at the Yalta conference 3. At Potsdam Truman and Stalin agreed to divide Germany and for war crimes trials for Nazis 4. Japan is occupied by the US a. General MacArthur is put in charge b. After 6 years the US left a rebuilt Japan

  25. IV. The Impact of the War A. Opportunity and Adjustment 1. Economic gains a. unemployment during the war was at 1% b. Paychecks rose 70% c. Farm income went up 300% 2. Population shifts—people moved to find jobs at defense plants all over the country

  26. 3. Social adjustments a. families adjusted to changes b. The GI Bill—provided education and loans to servicemen after the war, millions took advantage of this bill transforming America in the process B. Discrimination and Reaction 1. African Americans in the Military—segregated military a. The Buffaloes b. The Tuskegee Airmen

  27. 2. African Americans at home a. Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) to fight segregation in the North b. Race riots in Detroit in 1943 3. Mexican Americans in wartime a. most served with distinction in segregated units b. “zoot suit” riots in Los Angeles in 1943

  28. 4. Japanese Americans in a struggle for justice a. fought with distinction in segregated units b. The Japanese American Citizens League (JACL) fought for and eventually won reparations from the US government for internment

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