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Foundation of Islam

Foundation of Islam. Unit 2: The Post-Classical Age, 600-1450 Part I – End of the Old, Beginning of the New. What do you know about Islam?. Iranian Women. Afghani Women. New York Women. Rural Women. Why Study Islam?. Why is Islam important? How much impact did Islam have on the world?

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Foundation of Islam

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  1. Foundation of Islam Unit 2: The Post-Classical Age, 600-1450 Part I – End of the Old, Beginning of the New

  2. What do you know about Islam?

  3. Iranian Women Afghani Women

  4. New York Women Rural Women

  5. Why Study Islam? • Why is Islam important? • How much impact did Islam have on the world? • What areas were affected by Islam?

  6. Religions Diffusion Buddhism Christianity Hinduism Islam

  7. The Origins of Islam

  8. Setting for the Conversion • Arabian peninsula was mostly desert • Nomadic Bedouin people organized in family and clan groups • Important in long-distance trade networks between China/India and Persia/Byzantium • Religions of Arabia & Middle East • Christianity • Zorasterism • Judaism • Local Pagan Beliefs

  9. Life of Muhammad • Muhammad's early life • Muhammad ibn Abdullah born, 570 C.E. • Mecca merchant family • Difficult early life, married a wealthy widow, Khadija, in 595 • Became a merchant at age 30 • exposed to various faiths • Muhammad's spiritual transformation at age 40 • There was only one true god, Allah ("the god") • Allah would soon bring judgment on the world • The archangel Gabriel delivered these revelations to Muhammad

  10. Muhammad's Migration • Conflict at Mecca • His teachings offended the ruling elite of Mecca • Attacks on greed offended wealthy merchants • Attacks on idolatry threatened shrines • the black rock at Ka'ba • The hijra • Under persecution, Muhammad and followers fled to Medina, 622 C.E. • starting point of the Islamic calendar • The umma: cohesive community of Muslims in Medina

  11. Medina Day 1 Day 5 Day 26 Day 12 Quba’ Yathrib Red Sea Mecca

  12. Quran & Beliefs • The Quran ("recitation")--holy book of Islam • Followers compiled Muhammad's revelations • Work of poetry and definitive authority on Islam • Other works: hadith (sayings and deeds of Muhammad) • The "seal of the prophets" • Muhammad called himself the "seal of the prophets"— • final prophet of Allah • Held Hebrew scripture & New Testament in high esteem • Determined to spread Allah's wish to all humankind

  13. "And in their [the earlier prophets] footsteps We sent Jesus the son of Mary, confirming the law that had come before him. We sent him the Gospel, therein was guidance and light and confirmation of the law that had come before him, a guidance and an admonition to those who fear God." Chapter 5, Verse 46 • "Show forgiveness, speak for justice and avoid the ignorant." Chapter 7, Verse 199

  14. Establishment of Islam • Muhammad's return to Mecca • He and his followers conquered Mecca, 630 • Imposed a government dedicated to Allah • Destroyed pagan shrines and built mosques • The Ka'ba was not destroyed; it became site of pilgrimage in 632 • Islamic law: the sharia, inspired by Quran • proper behavior in almost every aspect of life • became more than a religion, it became a way of life

  15. Muslims

  16. What is it to be Muslim • Hijab: veil worn by women in public • Some nations go to the extreme the burka • Women • Quran does no more than Bible to restrict women’s rights • Islam & Other Religions • Quran does not advocate discrimination • Advocates conversion

  17. Internal Discontent

  18. The Median Caliphate • The Problem of Succession • Abu Bakr (leader of prayers- companion and fourth convert) and Companions • Ali (cousin and adopted son of Muhammad, husband of Fatima, second convert) and Abbas (uncle of Ali and the Prophet) • The Median Caliphate(successor/representative) • Abu Bakr (r. 632-634) • ‘Umar (Omar ibn al-Khattab) (r. 634-644) • ‘Uthman (Ummayyad clan) (r. 644-656) • Ali (r. 656-661) • The Sunni-Shiite split

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