Warm Up: Images Notes on: Era of Reform Closing Activity: First Person Accounts Review

1. Warm Up: ImagesNotes on: Era of ReformClosing Activity: First Person AccountsReview

6. Societal Change -2nd Great Awakening -period of religious revival after 1800 -fewer religious “pilgrims” rejected Calvinist beliefs – predetermined salvation -Charles Finney and tent meetings traveled by horseback to bring personal salvation. -Utopian Communities -communal societies based on everyone working together Working for a common goal -most did not work well -New Harmony -Oneida

7. Transcendentalism -belief in a simple lifestyle Alternative to traditional religion – truth in nature -Walt Whitman -”Leaves of Grass” -Ralph Waldo Emerson -”Self-Reliance” Pride in culture -Henry David Thoreau -”Civil Disobedience” Takes self-reliance into practice. Hermit for two yrs.

8. Education -one room schools No grades – one room, one teacher -few educated beyond age 10 Learn basic skills – reading, writing, arithmetic -Horace Mann - MA advocated public schools for everyone Created ‘teachers’ –training programs and instituted curriculum reforms. -Noah Webster development of an American dictionary

9. Institution Reform -Dorothea Dix - help for the mentally ill -helped to start several mental hospitals -prison reform Take mentally ill out of prisons and place them in their own hospitals -meant to rehabilitate Treatment to reform the sick or imprisoned person to a useful position in society.

10. American Writers -James Fenimore Cooper “Last of the Mohicans” -Nathaniel Hawthorne “Scarlet Letter” -Washington Irving “Sleepy Hollow” -Herman Melville “Moby Dick”

11. American Writers -Edgar Allan Poe “Raven” -Emily Dickinson reclusive poet -Hudson River School -landscape painters -Alex de Tocqueville “Democracy in America”

12. Life under Slavery -Rural Slavery plantations – worked sun up to sun down. field work – whipped and fed little house workers – best spot, fed more table scraps, treated nicer, but not treated equally -Urban Slavery skilled labor – blacksmithing and carpentry more freedoms – enslaved blacks could hire themselves out as artisans in the South.

13. Abolitionists -those who opposed slavery -William Lloyd Garrison “The Liberator” - Newspaper White Abolitionist – Immediate emancipation with no payment to slave holders -David Walker freedom by force -Frederick Douglas “North Star” – Newspaper Antislavery – Guided runaway slaves to freedom

14. Abolitionists -those who opposed slavery -William Lloyd Garrison “The Liberator” White Abolitionist – Immediate emancipation with no payment to slave holders -David Walker freedom by force Free Black – Blacks should fight for their freedom -Frederick Douglas “North Star”

15. Abolitionists -those who opposed slavery -William Lloyd Garrison “The Liberator” White Abolitionist – Immediate emancipation with no payment to slave holders -David Walker freedom by force Free Black – Blacks should fight for their freedom -Frederick Douglas “North Star” Antislavery – Guided runaway slaves to freedom

16. Rebellion -slaves turn to violent methods -Nat Turner, 1831 led a slave revolt Takes eclipse as a divine signal – group of 80 attacks 4 plantations – killed 60 whites -scared many slave holders in the south Killed 200 slaves as retribution – most had no connection to the revolt -led to greater control over slaves No vote, no guns, no alcohol, no assembly, no testify

17. Anti-slavery -emancipation -gradual – state by state, potential payment -immediate – all at once no payment -religious reasons Under the same God, All His people -moral wrong to have slaves -values of the Constitution “Natives of country, asking to be treated as well as foreigners”

18. Pro-slavery -new fear of revolts -black codes begin - Slave codes – no more property, no more education, no more working independently -religious support Benefited blacks by making them part of a prosperous and Christian civilization -”happy” plantation slave myth Wonderful, happy life – slaves love it

19. Dorothea Dix It all started for me, with a visit to a Massachusetts House of Corrections. I was horrified to see mentally ill patients being kept in jails like prisoners. I just stood there in shock to see the way they were being treated. Some were chained to the walls, and some had markings on them where they had been beaten. These people have committed no crime! They've done nothing wrong! They cannot help what has become of their mind. I cannot stand to see this continue anymore, so I went and visited other prisons after I learned of this practice, and the conditions there were just as bad. I'm going to collect information about this problem and send it to the Massachusetts Legislature, where I hope they will take compassion upon these poor patients. I want to see a place where these people can get treatment and feel safe, not a place where they will be treated as a criminals. Dorothea Dix

20. Transcendentalist We often live lives too complicated and involved in truly trivial matters. We are caught up in lives that distract our view of what is important. We live in a beautiful country. Nature has no more graceful or majestic appearance than it does here in this country. Why live a life of such complexities with this around us? I will not. Life is too short not to enjoy the beautiful nature provided to us. The monsters of industry should come to a halt. The factories should stop their smoke and noise. The street should be abandon their crowded and busy scenes, and choose the life of peace and tranquility found in God’s nature. Henry David Thoreau from Walden Pond

21. Abolitionists Word has started to spread around the plantation about a movement that is gaining strength around the country. I could not help, but overhear some names like Frederick Douglass and William Lloyd Garrison. Who are these people? From what I hear, many slave owners are becoming wary of this new movement. They say that this new movement will destroy the South and its economy. Personally, I do not know much about the economy and such, all I know is that these people may give us a little bit of a chance of getting away from this place. This place where all the hard work we provide goes unrewarded. I only hope that these people, that they are calling abolitionists, speak louder and louder to anyone and everyone. That they proclaim the evils of slavery so that maybe then we will be truly free one-day. Plantation Slave

22. Quiz

23. He was the famous leader of the most deadly slave revolt in America in 1831?

24. What term describes a group of American landscape painters?

25. These are the legal restrictions that were placed on the activities of black Americans?

26. Name the period of religious revival that began in the early 1800’s?

27. He wrote an essay about the moral responsibility to disobey bad laws?

28. Who was the publisher of the North Star abolitionist newspaper?

29. She was an advocate for the mentally ill and inmates?

30. These were communal societies who tried to develop a perfect society?

31. Alex de Tocqueville, a visiting Frenchman, wrote this book about America?

32. What was the name of abolitionist William Lloyd Garrison’s newspaper?

33. Name the essay?

34. Name the chief advocate for free public schooling?

35. Name the man responsible for an American language dictionary?