The Cold War

1. The Cold War Ch. 25 & 26

2. The Yalta Conference • Division of Germany into four zones. Creation of East and West Germany. • Russian help with Japan in exchange for two Japanese islands • Poland government allowed to continue with Russian sympathies. • Creations of the United Nations. • League of Nations concept. All members settle diff. peacefully, promote justice and solve international problems.

3. No Polish elections for two years. 1944- Albania 1948- Bulgaria 1946- Czechoslovakia 1945- Hungary Soviet candidates lost elections, but gained power by 1948 by use of army force. 1945- Romania 1949- West Germany 1948- Treaty of neutrality signed with Finland. 1948- Yugoslavia Tito Broz repelled a Soviet takeover and ran an form of Communism independent of Stalin. Russian Expansion

4. Truman Doctrine • Policy of containment developed by George Kennan. • Policy that recognized the possibility that Eastern Europe was lost to Communism and US must stop further growth elsewhere in the world. • Turkey • Stalin wanted control of a narrow strait to allow Russian control of ports leading into the Black Sea through the Dardanelles. • Became known as the Truman Doctrine in March of 1947.

5. The Berlin Airlift Began June 1948 Lasted 15 months Airplanes flew over East Berlin and dropped supplies to citizens. Led to the creation of the Berlin Wall Separating East-West Berlin in 1961

6. The Berlin Wall

7. The Marshall Plan • In response to devastation of WWII. 21 million people homeless, 20% of Poland pop. Killed, 1 in 5 homes in France destroyed. • Called for European countries to develop a plan for economic recovery that the US would aid with financial assistance. • Hoped that US help would stifle the growth of communist govts. • Formally known as the “European Recovery Program” adopted in 1948. • US gave $13 billion dollars over four years.

8. Warsaw Pact signed in Poland in 1955 officially called 'The Treaty of Friendship, Co-operation and Mutual Assistance‘ Albania, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, East Germany, Hungary, Poland, Romania, and the Soviet Union a military treaty, which bound its signatories to come to the aid of the others, should any one of them be the victim of foreign aggression. Created in response to NATO treaty signed by the allies in 1949

9. Korean War • Yalta Conference agreed to split country at 38 parallel. • The North ruled by Kim II Sung called itself Democratic People’s Republic of Korea. • Backed by USSR • The South was ruled by Syngmung Rhee known as The Republic of Korea • Backed by America • Both had goal of unifying Korea

10. Korean War • War begins in 1950 • Douglas MacArthur fired in 1951 • Peace Negotiations in 1952 • Debate over boundary led to battles of Heartbreak Ridge and Bloody Ridge • Oct. sessions stalled over POW’s • Rhee refused to return POW’s • July 27th, 1953 • Armistice signed

11. The Red Scare • Wisconsin Senator Joseph McCarthy called out members of society as communists. • Chairman of the House Un-American Activities Committee • Hollywood 10 • Ten writers and directors sentenced to a year on jail • Ethel and Julius Rosenberg • 1951 couple sentenced to death for selling secrets to USSR. • Alger Hiss Trial • Convicted of lying under oath by Richard Nixon