Presentation Transcript

1. Unit One: American Literature in the Settlement Period THE NEW WORLD
2. The New World 35,000-8,000 BC-Mongolian tribes cross Bering Land Bridge-migrate into N & S America Polynesian tribes cross Pacific on rafts-reach S. America
3. The Bering Sea
4. Native Americans Native Americans had diverse and advanced cultures Maya, Aztec, Toltec, Inca—all advanced cultures in C. and S. America Most cultures did not have written languages Cultures rich in myth and oral literature
5. Native American Oral Literature Oral tradition/oral literature Oral Lit-passed down by mouth Myths, chants, prayers, stories, histories Entertain, educate, pass on culture
6. Myths and Mythology Traditional stories passed down Explain nature or human nature Teach moral/religious lessons Usually have gods and goddesses Contain supernatural Old an modern Mythology-collected myths or beliefs
7. First Contact Vikings land in Newfoundland and Labrador Viking deep-sea fisherman and explorers First recorded contact-Leif Erikssen-c. 1000 AD
8. Marco Polo An explorer who followed his father’s trade route Route was overland to China Brought back silk, spices, exotic goods Opened up the West to the East Wrote about his travels Made search for sea trade route desirable
9. Christopher Columbus Set sail in 1492 Sailed west in hopes of finding trade route to China and the East Indies Landed on Hispaniola/Santo Domingo-1492 Made two other expeditions-found no gold
10. Reasons for Exploration of the New World Far East trade route Gold Claim land/subjects for the king Adventure Jobs (ships, fishing) Fame and favor Fountain of Youth/cure for diseases/Paradise
11. Reasons for Settlement of the New World Gold Land-to claim for king and for personal use Opportunity-work, food, ownership Adventure Money-making Jobs Escape from religious persecution Escape jail time Fame
12. St. Augustine (FL) 1565 First permanent settlement in the US Spanish founded it Near site of “Fountain of Youth” Colony and military outpost Protected Spanish gold shipments fr. C. & S. America from pirates
13. Jamestown (VA) 1607 First permanent English settlement in US Founded by the London Co. Money-making venture Captain John Smith/Pocahantas Tobacco-cash crop
14. Plymouth (MA) 1620 Established by Pilgrims (Puritans) Escape religious persecution & cultural pollution in Europe & England “City on a Hill” Example to the world on how to live
15. Important Dates
16. The Puritans One of many religious, Protestant sects Wanted to “purify”the Church of England Was the ruling party in England after Reformation Denounced after Restoration of monarchy Persecuted under “Bloody Mary”/ James I
17. Puritan Beliefs Plainness Divine Mission Bible-based laws Grace “Original Sin” Physical purgation of sin Education for all
18. Puritan Beliefs Public confession of sin The “Elect” Puritan Work Ethic Devil Incarnate Cleanliness Democratic government
19. Puritan Influence in America Writing-Plain Style Work ethic Sense of morality Example to the world Plainness-dress and worship styles Democracy
20. The Wilderness Major influence on life in colonies Forced colonists to be inventive/creative Lived closer to nature than Europeans Room to grow/resources Hard to govern-law and order
21. Northern Poorer soil Colder climate Shorter growing season Largely Puritans Small land grants/small farms Tight communities built around a “commons” area Very interdependent Southern Better soil Warmer climate Longer growing season-cash crops Largely Church of Eng Large land grants-plantations-slave labor Widely dispersed settlements Very independent Differences Between Northern and Southern Settlement Styles
22. Puritan Literature Plain style-simple words in clear order (“smooth,clear, short) God-centered Spiritual Autobiographies Poetry No plays or fiction
23. Pictures