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Complexations and Acid-Base Reactions

Complexations and Acid-Base Reactions. Net Ionic Equations. Complexation Reactions. Complexation reactions produce a complex ion formed from a transition metal ion and and a Lewis Base ( ligand ) Complex ions are just like they sound: an ion that is complex looking Ex: Cu(NH 3 ) 4 2+.

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Complexations and Acid-Base Reactions

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  1. Complexations and Acid-Base Reactions Net Ionic Equations

  2. Complexation Reactions • Complexation reactions produce a complex ion formed from a transition metal ion and and a Lewis Base (ligand) • Complex ions are just like they sound: an ion that is complex looking • Ex: Cu(NH3)42+

  3. Complexation Reactions • Lewis Bases – usually in excess and/or concentrated amounts • Ammonia (NH3) thiocyanate (SCN-) • Water (H2O) • Cyanide (CN-) • Hydroxide (OH-) • *General rule – place twice the number of ligands on the cation as is the charge of the cation Ex: Cu(NH3)42+ Cu2+ has four ammonia molecules attached since the charge of Cu is a 2+.

  4. Complexation Reactions • Ex: Aqueous silver ion is mixed with excess hydroxide solution. • Ag+(aq) + 2OH-(aq)  Ag(OH)2-(aq) Ex: Aqueous zinc chloride is mixed with excess concentrated ammonia solution. Zn2+(aq) + 4NH3(aq)  Zn(NH3)42+(aq)

  5. Complexation Reactions • You try it! • An aqueous solution of iron (III) acetate is mixed with excess potassium thiocyanate solution. • Fe3+ (aq) + 6 SCN-(aq)  Fe(SCN)63-(aq)

  6. Acid-Base Reactions • Know the 7 strong acids and 8 strong bases. • This is not a suggestion but a requirement  • 7 strong acids: • HCl, HNO3, H2SO4, HBr, HI, HClO3, and HClO4 7 strong bases: LiOH, NaOH, KOH, RbOH, CsOH, Ca(OH)2, Sr(OH)2, Ba(OH)2

  7. Acid-Base Reactions • General Acid-Base Formats • Acid + Base  Salt + Water • Ex: HNO3(aq) + RbOH(aq)  RbNO3(aq) + H2O (l) • As a NIE, the above is written as shown below • NIE: Strong Acid + Strong Base  Water • Ex: H+(aq) + OH-(aq)  HOH (l) • Strong Acid + Weak Base  Weak Base Cation + Water • Ex: 2H+(aq) + Mg(OH)2(aq)  Mg2+(aq) + 2HOH (l) • Weak Acid + Strong Base  Weak Acid Anion + Water • Ex: HNO2(aq) + OH-(aq)  NO2-(aq) + HOH (l)

  8. Acid-Base Reactions • Acid + Metal  Metal ion + H2 (g) • Ex: 2H+ (aq) + Al (s)  Al3+(aq) + H2(g) • Acid + Metal Carbonate  Metal ion + CO2 (g) + H2O (l) • Ex: 2H+ (aq) + Na2CO3 (s)  2Na+ (aq) + CO2 (g) + H2O (l) • Acidic (nonmetal) oxide + H2O  Acid • CO2(g) + H2O (l)  H2CO3 (aq) • Basic (metal) oxide + H2O  Base • Na2O (s) + H2O  2NaOH

  9. Acid-Base Reactions • Basic Oxide + Acidic Oxide  Ionic Compound • SrO(s) + NO2(g)  Sr(NO3)2(s)

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