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World War II

World War II. World History 1750- Present. Axis Powers. World War II. Axis Powers. Mussolini set his eyes on conquest May 1936: conquered Ethiopia. “Italy finally has its empire.”. Rise of Dictators: Hitler. WWII. Axis Powers. 1936: Hitler and Mussolini formed an alliance

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World War II

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  1. World War II World History 1750- Present

  2. Axis Powers World War II

  3. Axis Powers • Mussolini set his eyes on conquest • May 1936: conquered Ethiopia

  4. “Italy finally has its empire.”

  5. Rise of Dictators: Hitler WWII

  6. Axis Powers • 1936: Hitler and Mussolini formed an alliance • Mussolini called it an axis • March 7, 1936: German troops entered Rhineland

  7. Rise of Dictators: Hitler • March 1938: German troops annexed Austria • Sept: 1938: Hitler demanded Sudetenland

  8. Munich Conference WWII

  9. Munich Conference • Hitler and Mussolini met with British PM, Neville Chamberlain and French president, Edouard Daladier • France and Britain agreed Germany could have Sudetenland if he promised no more expansion • Czechoslovakia was not allowed to attend the meeting

  10. Munich Conference • Chamberlain declared “Peace in our Time” • Appeasement: giving into the demands of an aggressor in order to insure peace

  11. Britain and France had to choose between war and dishonor. They chose dishonor. They will have war.” Winston Churchill, British Parliament

  12. Spanish Civil War WWII Francisco Franco

  13. Spanish Civil War • Spain was the site of numerous strikes, riots, and assassinations • General Francisco Franco led a rebellion • Began Civil War

  14. Spanish Civil War • Germany and Italy provided planes, tanks, and soldiers to Franco • 1937: Hitler’s Condor Legion bombed Guernica • USSR sent weapons and supplies to the republic

  15. Spanish Civil War • Seen as “dress-rehearsal” for WWII • March 1939, Franco won and set up military dictatorship • Ruled until death in 1975

  16. Pablo Picasso, Guernica

  17. Axis Expansion WWII

  18. Axis Expansion March 1939: Hitler annexed the rest of western Czechoslovakia April 1939: Italy annexed Albania No shots fired either time

  19. Poland WWII

  20. Poland 1939: Hitler demanded the Polish port of Danzig to reunite Germany Britain and France threatened war Look at map on page 375

  21. Poland Hitler feared Russian involvement (two-front war) August: Hitler and Stalin signed a Nonaggression Pact

  22. Poland Publicly: agreed not to fight one another Secretly: agreed to divide rest of eastern Europe between themselves

  23. Poland Sept. 1, 1939: Germany invaded Poland using blitzkrieg (lightening war) Sept. 3, 1939: Britain and France declared war on Germany

  24. Poland • Stalin joined and in less than 1 month, Poland was conquered • Poland was divided between USSR and Germany • Winter set in and fighting stopped • Known as the “phony war”

  25. Maginot Line WWII

  26. Maginot Line • France built the Maginot Line after WWI • Huge fortifications • Underground railway • Built only on France’s border with Germany • Guns only faced east

  27. Maginot Line April 9, 1940: Hitler used blitzkrieg to annex Denmark and Norway May 10, 1940: Germany conquered the Netherlands, Belgium, and Luxembourg

  28. Maginot Line France rushed to extend the Maginot Line, but was too late Germany went through Belgium and into France, splitting Allied forces

  29. Miracle at Dunkirk WWII

  30. Miracle at Dunkirk Northern forces retreated to Dunkirk For 9 days, troops used private boats to escape France and flee to Britain

  31. Miracle at Dunkirk The British navy and volunteer citizens rushed to the shore to rescue their countrymen Bombarded by the Luftwaffe, 340,000 soldiers in 900 vessels reached Britain

  32. France Falls WWII

  33. France Falls June 22, France formally surrendered to Germany Germany occupied most of France A puppet-government was set up in Vichy (southern France)

  34. Battle of Britain WWII “We shall fight on the beaches, we shall fight on the landing grounds we shall fight in the fields and in the streets, we shall fight in the hills; we shall never surrender.“ - Winston Churchill, British PM

  35. Battle of Britain • August – September 1940 • Large aerial bombing • Originally, Hitler only targeted vital military locations • When Britain refused to surrender, Hitler attacked British cities, hoping the citizens would demand peace

  36. Battle of Britain The bombing of cities was known as the Blitz Lasted until May 1941

  37. Battle of Britain Britain’s RAF rebuilt and never allowed Germany to gain air superiority Hundreds of pilots died, over 20,000 Londoners died, and 70,000 British were killed

  38. “Never the field of human conflict was so much owed by so many to so few.” - Winston Churchill

  39. Japanese Expansion WWII

  40. Japanese Expansion Japan wanted Manchuria Mukden Incident: Japanese soldiers (dressed like Chinese soldiers) destroyed a railroad Japan then overtook all of Manchuria, claimed it was independent, and named it Manchukuo

  41. Japanese Expansion League of Nations ordered Japan to withdraw from China Instead, Japan withdrew from the League of Nations League did nothing (no real power)

  42. Japanese Expansion • Japan then began to move further into China • Rape of Nanking (Nanjing) • Japanese killed 100,000 – 300,000 Chinese civilians • Raped numerous women and children

  43. Japanese Expansion • Britain could not send men, but did send supplies to China over the Burma Road • 700-mile highway linking Burma (Myanmar) to China

  44. Japanese Expansion • China had been weakened due to a brutal civil war, pitting Jiang Jieshi (Chiang Kai-shek, nationalist) against Mao Zedong (communist) • The two eventually focused on fighting Japan

  45. Japanese Expansion • Japan announced it wanted a Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere • All Asian nations joined together to remove western powers • Really, an excuse to conquer more territory and add resources to help it conquer China

  46. Japanese Expansion • Sept. 1940: Japan aligned with Germany and Italy in the Tripartite Pact • (Axis Powers) • Japan then overtook French Indochina and the Dutch East Indies

  47. Neutrality Acts WWII

  48. Neutrality Acts After WWI, the U.S. retreated into isolationism To stay out of WWII, Congress passed Neutrality Acts

  49. Neutrality Acts 1st, Banned U.S. from providing weapons to nations at war 2nd, Banned loans to warring nations 3rd, Cash-and-Carry: permitted trade of non-military goods as long as the other country paid cash and transported the cargo

  50. America First Committee WWII

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