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Cold War

Cold War. A diplomatic, economic, and ideological struggle between the Soviet Union and United States from W.W. II to the collapse of Soviet communism in 1991. Nonalignment. Bandung generation Third world—not tainted by either capitalist, imperialist west, or communist, dictatorial east

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Cold War

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  1. Cold War A diplomatic, economic, and ideological struggle between the Soviet Union and United States from W.W. II to the collapse of Soviet communism in 1991.

  2. Nonalignment • Bandung generation • Third world—not tainted by either capitalist, imperialist west, or communist, dictatorial east • Nonaligned—neutral in the Cold War, often play both sides, powerful in U.N. general assembly—example, Gamal Abdel Nassar of Egypt, Nehru of India, Nkrumah of Ghana

  3. Major terms • Bipolar—the division of the much of the world into two major camps—the Soviets and their allies (The East) and the U.S. and her allies. Communism vs. democracy and capitalism • First, and Second —U.S. Western Europe —capitalist, usually highly industrialized, anti-communist; the Soviets and allies—socialists, welfare states, industrialized • Third World—underdeveloped, newly independent, nonaligned • Friction within— • Place of U.N.?

  4. Post war growing distrust • Iron curtain—eastern Europe, Poland?, Berlin and German • Containment—Kennan, Truman Doctrine and Marshall Plan • Berlin Airlift, NATO, and WARSAW PACT • Berlin Wall 1961

  5. Cold War in Asia • Fall of China to Mao 1949 • Korean War 1950 • Fall of Vietnam to Ho Chi Minh 1954 • Domino theory, SEATO • Vietnam war 1954-1975

  6. Cold War in the Middle East • Suez crisis of 1956 • Nassar sell cotton for arms to Soviets • American withdraw support for Aswan Dam project • Nassar nationalizes Suez • British, French, Israelis invade • U.S. and Soviets contemn attack, forces withdrawal through U.N.—U.N. peacekeepers in Sinai • Success for Nassar—establishes independence respect in third world, failure of bipolar diplomacy • Eisenhower Doctrine—Cold War expands to ME—U.S. will aid nations faced with communists threat

  7. Cold War in Americas • Caribbean—American lake • Castro to power in 58 • Decline of U.S. Soviet relations • Bay of Pigs 1961 • Cuban missile crisis – brink of nuclear exchange • Cuba exports the revolution to Latin America and Africa • Nicaragua and other right wing govt., but anti-communist supported by U.S.—CIA, funds to Contras, Alliance for Progress

  8. Asia in the Mix • Sino Soviet Affairs 1. Political rivalries 2. ideological differences 3. Historic border disputes 4. Competition for allies • U.S. Chinese relations 1. U.S. recognition of Taiwan 2. Ping-pong diplomacy-1971, Nixon visits Feb.72 3. Why?-Zhou realizes hated by both superpowers, we realize the value of a split communist world and economic opportunities 4. Tiananmen Square--1989

  9. U.S. Soviet Relations • Have been through periods of freeze and thaw • Often negotiating on nuclear disarmament or some area of mutual concern while fighting a proxy war somewhere else • Periods—cold war 1948-1963 • Peaceful coexistence– Khrushchev predicts that peaceful competition would lead to the ultimate triumph of societies with ideological differences—Mao refers to this a revisionism— accuses Khrushchev of being weak on the West • Détente—recognition of superpowers of the ideological differences, but mutual interests • Communism collapse

  10. Eastern Europe • “Little Stalins”—soviet satellites • Tito—”different roads to socialism” • Poland and Hungary uprisings to break with Soviets—1956 • Invasion of Czechoslovakia, 1968 1. liberalization—”socialism with a human face” 2. “Prague Spring” 3. invasion—Brezhnev Doctrine • Impact of Grobachev 1. Poland and Solidarity –Lech Walesa 2. Czechoslovakia and the Velvet Revolution • Tragedy of Yugoslavia

  11. Nuclear Age • The bomb • MAD • Cuban missile crisis • Nuclear test ban treaty • Non proliferation treaty • SALT—Nixon, Brezhnev limits to ICBMs and ABMs—1972 • Snags and stalls • Build up by Reagan and Bush and “Star Wars” • Start and INF—strategic arms reduction talks and Intermediate nuclear force—medium range—reduction of missiles and destroying of missiles • Problems today—not all in compliance, rouge states, complexity of “weapons of mass destruction”

  12. Collapse of Communism • Gorbachev 1985 • Glasnost and perestroika—openness and restructuring • 1990 Balkan vote independence • 1989 Berlin wall comes down • Poland, Lech Walesa and Solidarity • The rest follow • Why? Cost of arms race, failure of central planned economies, lack of consumer goods, repression, power of nationalism

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