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The Cold War Unfolds

The Cold War Unfolds. 15.1 Notes. I. Two Sides Face Off in Europe. U.S. and NATO vs. Soviets and Warsaw Pact U.S. and Soviets became known as superpowers due to their vast influence, armies and nuclear arsenals

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The Cold War Unfolds

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  1. The Cold War Unfolds 15.1 Notes

  2. I. Two Sides Face Off in Europe • U.S. and NATO vs. Soviets and Warsaw Pact • U.S. and Soviets became known as superpowers due to their vast influence, armies and nuclear arsenals • Iron Curtain-dividing line between democratic western and communist eastern Europe

  3. II. Eastern Europe Resists • Berlin Wall- • The democratic West Berlin was prosperous • Workers fled Eastern Berlin • Soviets put up a wall to stop them leaving • Revolts in Eastern Europe • 1950’s saw several oppositions to Soviet policy • Countries that tried to leave the Warsaw Pact or economic reform or democracy were invaded

  4. III. Nuclear Weapons Threaten the World • 1949- Soviets had A-Bomb • 1953- Both sides had Hydrogen Bomb (x1000 more powerful) • Arms Race- U.S. and Soviets raced to get more and better weapons than each other • MAD- Muy Awesome Dandelions- the idea that if both sides launched both would be destroyed • This prevented open warfare, hence the “Cold War”

  5. IV. Limiting Nuclear Weapons • During the Cold War both sides did meet to make progress toward reducing the threat of nuclear weapons • 1963 Nuclear Test Ban Treaty • 1968 Nuclear Non-Proliferation (NPT) Treaty • 1972 SALT I (Strategic Arms LimitationTalks)- froze existing #of nukes, ABM treaty • ABM- Anti-ballistic missile- missile that can shoot down other missiles

  6. IV. Limiting Nuclear Weapons cont. • 1979 SALT II- Set limits on # of nukes • 1991 START (Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty) Treaty- Reduced # of nukes • 1993 START II- No multiple warheads on ICBM’s • 2002 SORT or Moscow Treaty- Set limit on # of warheads • 2010 New START- Reduces # of nukes

  7. V. Cold War Goes Global • U.S. and Soviets established other alliances around the world • Local conflicts around the globe would turn into Cold War “hot spots” • U.S. would support one side, Soviets the other

  8. VI. The Cuban Missile Crisis • 1950’s Fidel Castro overthrows previous dictator and takes over Cuba • Cuba seeks Soviet Union’s help • 1962 Soviets sent a nuke to Cuba • Americans responded with a blockade • U.S. President John F. Kennedy demanded the missile removed • 13 days later Soviets agreed • The world dodged a bullet and it might have come to nuclear war

  9. VII. Soviet Leaders During the Cold War • Stalin dies in 1953 • Nikita Khrushchev 1953-1964 • Closed prison camps • Eased censorship • Leonid Brezhnev until 1964-1982 • Reversed Khrushchev’s changes

  10. VIII. The United States in the Cold War • Containment- U.S. policy of containing the Soviet Union • Fear led people to build bunkers and fallout shelters • Red Scare- fear of communists • Sen. McKamaraled a witch hunt for communists

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