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Warm Up:

Warm Up:. Why do chemical equations need to be balanced? Balance the following equation: __PbCl 2 + __ AgNO 3 __ Pb (NO 3 ) + __ AgCl. Types of Chemical Reactions. Learning Target: To be able to identify the different type of reactions when looking at skeletal equations.

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Warm Up:

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  1. Warm Up: • Why do chemical equations need to be balanced? • Balance the following equation: __PbCl2 + __ AgNO3 __Pb(NO3) + __ AgCl

  2. Types of Chemical Reactions Learning Target: To be able to identify the different type of reactions when looking at skeletal equations

  3. Types of Reactions: • There are 5 types of Reactions: • Synthesis • Decomposition • Single-replacement • Double-replacement • Combustion

  4. Synthesis: A chemical rxn in which 2 or more substances (A + B) react to produce a single product (AB) A + B ⇒ AB Na(s) + Cl2(g) ⇒ NaCl(s) SO2(g) + O2(g) ⇒ SO3(g)

  5. Decomposition: A rxn in which a single compound (AB) breaks down into 2 or more new substances (A + B…) AB ⇒ A + B NH4NO3(s) ⇒ N2O(g) + H2O(g) Na3N(s) ⇒ Na(s) + N2(g)

  6. Single Replacement: A rxn in which the atoms of one element replace the atoms of another element in a compound A + BX ⇒ AX + B Li(s) + H2O(l) ⇒ LiOH(aq) + H2(g) Cu(s) + AgNO3(aq) ⇒ Ag(s) + Cu(NO3)2

  7. Double Replacement: a rxn which involves an exchange of ions between 2 compounds AX + BY ⇒ AY + BX *Either the metals change places or the nonmetals change places but not both!!! Ca(OH)2(aq) + HCl(aq) ⇒ CaCl2(aq) + H2O(l) *Typically occurs in aqueous solutions (in water) NaOH(aq) + CuCl2(aq) ⇒ NaCl(aq) + Cu(OH)2(s) *Precipitate: Is when a solid forms from a solution

  8. 3 Types of Double Replacement: • Formation of a precipitate • Formation of H2O • Formation of a product which decomposes into a gas

  9. Double-Replacement: Formation of a precipitate • Solubility Rules: • Some compounds will dissolve in water (soluble) • Some will NOT dissolve in water (insoluble/ not soluble) • If during a double-replacement rxn is formed, it will fall out of the solution as a solid, which is called a percipitant.

  10. Double-Replacement: Formation of H2O • These occur between Acids and Bases • Acids ALWAYS start with _________ • Bases are compounds that end with hydroxides (OH-) • One product will be H2O and one will be an ionic compound salt HCl(aq) + NaOH(aq) → NaCl(aq) + H2O(l) *Some people consider this a separate rxn altogether

  11. Combustion: a rxn in which O2 can combine with a substance to release energy • Ex: Fire, Burning, Magnesium Stripe, etc. C(s) + O2(g) ⇒ CO2(g) CH4(g) + O2(g) ⇒ CO2(g) + H2O(l) *In most cases, the products will be H2O and CO2

  12. Activity Series: Single Replacement Rxn • Active metals will replace less active metals in reactions. Pt(s) + Zn2O (aq) → NR Fe(s)  +  CuSO4(aq)  →    FeSO4(aq)  +  Cu(s) Na(s) + SnCO3(aq) → Na2CO3(aq) + Sn(s)

  13. Practice Problems: Complete these in your notes and see how many you get right! • C2H6(g) + O2(g) → H2O(g) +CO2(g) • Br2(l) + LiI(s) → LiBr + I2(s) • Fe(s) + H2O(l) →Fe3O4(s) + H2(g) • MgCO3(s) → MgO(s) + CO2(g) • P4(s) + O2(g) → P4O10(s) • KNO3(s) → KNO2(s) + O2(g) • KOH + H3PO4 →K3PO4 + H2O • Na(s) + O2(g) →Na2O(s) • O2(g) + C6H12O6(g) → H2O(g) + CO2(g)

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