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CELLULAR RESPIRATION

CELLULAR RESPIRATION. Harvesting Energy from Glucose. What is Aerobic Cellular Respiration? ?. This is the process our cells go through to obtain energy from our primary source, glucose

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CELLULAR RESPIRATION

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  1. CELLULAR RESPIRATION Harvesting Energy from Glucose

  2. What is Aerobic Cellular Respiration?? • This is the process our cells go through to obtain energy from our primary source, glucose • Glucose is broken down with the help of oxygen and ultimately produces water, carbon dioxide and energy in the form of ATP and heat C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy • Occurs in the cytoplasm and mitochondrion

  3. The Mitochondrion

  4. Overview ofCellularRespiration Stage 1: Glycolysis • 10 step process occurring in the cytoplasm Stage 2: Pyruvate Oxidation • 1 step process occurring in the matrix Stage 3: Krebs Cycle • 8 step cyclical process occurring in the matrix Stage 4: ETC and Chemiosmosis • A multi-step process occurring in the inner membrane Good people keep eating cake

  5. Energy Products and Carriers Energy Storage: ATP: Adenosine triphosphate ADP + P + Energy  ATP Energy Carriers: NADH: Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide NAD+ + H+ + 2e  NADH FADH2: Flavin adenine dinucleotide FAD + 2H+ + 2e  FADH2

  6. Where it Happens

  7. The Role of ATP • According to the first law of thermodynamics, energy cannot be created or destroyed, only changed from one form to another or from one object to another • The goal of cellular respiration, is to capture as much of the available free energy as possible from the breakdown of glucose, and trap it in the form of ATP • The stored energy in ATP can then be used to power reactions in the body, when it is dephosphorylated

  8. ATP Production Substrate – Level Phosphorylation: • ATP is made when an enzyme adds a free phosphate group to ADP Oxidative Phosphorylation: • When ATP is made using a proton gradient that has been generated through redox reactions

  9. Stage 1: Glycolysis • Glucose is broken down in the cytoplasm to produce two 3-carbon pyruvate molecules (anaerobic process) • It occurs in ten steps, each one catalyzed by a specific enzyme

  10. The Details • 2 ATP are required to kick start the process • Fructose diphosphate seperates into 2 molecules  2 paths • 2 NADH molecules are made • 4 ATP are made in later stages (2 ATP NET) NOTE: PGAL = phosphoglyceraldehyde (Glyceraldehyde-3 phosphate)

  11. References • Nelson 12 Biology textbook (pages 94 – 100) • http://www.accessexcellence.org/RC/VL/GG/ecb/ATP_ADP.html • www.unitedstreaming.com

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