1 / 32

Cellular Respiration

Explore the process of cellular respiration, which is the catabolic pathway in which cells consume oxygen and organic compounds to produce energy in the form of ATP. Learn about the three stages involved - glycolysis, Krebs cycle, and the electron transport chain. Discover the chemical structure of ATP and how it provides energy. Understand where cellular respiration takes place in the cell and the role of different components such as NADH and FADH2. Also, learn about fermentation as an alternative energy production process.

nickels
Download Presentation

Cellular Respiration

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript


  1. Cellular Respiration How Cells Harvest Chemical Energy – Cellular Respiration

  2. Cellular Respiration • C6H12O6 + 602 6CO2 + 6H20 • A catabolic pathway • Oxygen is consumed as a reactant along with organic compounds. • Involves three stages: • Glycolysis • Krebs Cycle • Electron Transport Chain

  3. What Is ATP? • Adenosine Triphosphate • Energy used by all Cells • Organic molecule containing high-energy Phosphate bonds

  4. Chemical Structure of ATP

  5. What Does ATP Do for You? • It supplies YOU withENERGY!

  6. By breaking the high- energy bonds between the last two phosphates in ATP How Do We Get Energy From ATP?

  7. NAD+ traps electrons from glucose to make NADH (energy stored) Similarly, FAD+ stores energy as FADH2 NADH and FADH2

  8. Where Does Cellular Respiration Take Place? • It actually takes place in two parts of the cell: • Glycolysis occurs in the Cytoplasm • Krebs Cycle & ETC Takeplace in the Mitochondria

  9. Smooth outer Membrane Folded inner membrane Folds called Cristae Space inside cristae called the Matrix Review of Mitochondria Structure

  10. Diagram of the Process Occurs in Matrix Occurs across Cristae Occurs in Cytoplasm

  11. Glycolysis 1. Means “splitting of sugar” 2. Occurs in the cytosol of the cell 3. Partially oxidizes glucose (6C) into two pyruvate (3C) molecules. 4. Occurs whether or not oxygen is present.

  12. 5. An exergonic process, (meaning energy is released) most of the energy harnessed is conserved in the high-energy electrons of NADH and in the phosphate bonds of ATP

  13. Glycolysis Summary • Takes place in the Cytoplasm • Anaerobic (Doesn’t Use Oxygen) • Requires input of 2 ATP • Glucose split into two molecules of Pyruvate • Also produces 2 NADH and 4 ATP

  14. Formation of Acetyl CoA 1. Junction between glycolysis and Krebs cycle 2. Oxidation of pyruvate to acetyl CoA 3. Pyruvate molecules are translocated from the cytosol into the mitochondrion by a carrier protein in the mitochondrial membrane. 4. A CO2is removed from pyruvate – making a 2C compound. 5. Coenzyme A is attached to the acetyl group.

  15. Formation of Acetyl CoA

  16. Formation of Acetyl CoA

  17. Krebs Cycle • Requires Oxygen (Aerobic) • Cyclical series of oxidation reactions that give off CO2 and produce one ATP per cycle • Turns twice per glucose molecule • Produces two ATP • Takes place in matrix of mitochondria

  18. Krebs Cycle Summary • Each turn of the Krebs Cycle also produces 3NADH, 1FADH2, and 2CO2 • Therefore, For each Glucose molecule, the Krebs Cycle produces 6NADH, 2FADH2, 4CO2, and 2ATP

  19. Electron Transport Chain 1. Located in the inner membrane of the mitochondria. 2. Oxygen pulls the electrons from NADH and FADH2 down the electron transport chain to a lower energy state . 3. Process produces 34 ATP or 90% of the ATP in the body.

  20. Electron Transport Chain 4. Requires oxygen, the final electron acceptor. 5. For every FADH2 molecule – 2 ATP’s are produced. 6. For every NADH molecule – 3 ATP’s are produced. 7. Chemiosmosis – the production of ATP using the energy of H+ gradients across membranes to phosphorylate ADP.

  21. ATP Synthase • A protein in the inner membrane in the mitochondria. • Uses energy of the ion gradient to power ATP synthesis. • For every H+ ion that flows through ATP synthase, one ATP can be formed from ADP

  22. Cellular Respiration in Summary Glycolysis • 2 ATP • 2 NADH  4-6 ATP (Depends on how this NADH molecule gets to the ETC. To make things simple we will say that these two NADH’s make 4 ATP ) Formation of Acetyl CoA • 2 NADH  6 ATP

  23. Cellular Respiration in Summary Krebs Cycle • 2 ATP • 6 NADH  18 ATP • 2 FADH2  4 ATP Grand Total = 36 ATP

  24. Fermentation • Occurs when O2 NOT present (anaerobic) • Called Lactic Acid fermentation in muscle cells (makes muscles tired) • Called Alcoholic fermentation in yeast (produces ethanol) • Nets only 2 ATP

More Related