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What is race?

What is race? . Race as a social construction . (read page 162) The thought among academics is that race is best thought of as a social construction A social construction is an idea or concept that doesn’t exist in nature but it is created and given meaning by people

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What is race?

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  1. What is race?

  2. Race as a social construction • (read page 162) • The thought among academics is that race is best thought of as a social construction • A social construction is an idea or concept that doesn’t exist in nature but it is created and given meaning by people • How have we created race?

  3. Racism – intolerance of people perceived to be inherently or genetically inferior • Racism as an ideology • Nazism • Slavery – story of sugar • Human trafficking

  4. Discrimination • What is discrimination? • What is institutional discrimination: a situation in which the policies, practices, or laws of an organization or government disadvantage people because of their cultural differences • Examples? (apartheid, ghettos in Nazi Germany)

  5. Ethnicity • Ethnicity – a subjective identification • Personal – who we think and feel we are. We assign qualities to ourselves and others assign qualities to us. • Behavioral – the components of the behavioral aspect of ethnicity inclue • language, • religious beliefs • Food, • Styles of dress, dance, music or art.

  6. Indigenous Peoples – first peoples Characteristics • Ancestral ties to pre-colonial or pre-settler societies • Self identification and acceptance by others as a member of and indigenous group • Status in society as non-dominant Indigenous peoples are ethnic groups but may prefer to identify themselves by different names.

  7. Race and Ethnicity in the Global Context • Why do governments identify and enumerate different racial or ethnic groups? • (Enumerate means to count)

  8. What is language? Why do we need language?

  9. Language • A system of communication based on symbols that have agreed upon meanings. • How and why is language a key component of culture. • What are examples of language as part of culture?

  10. Dialect is also part of language • Dialect is a particular variety of a language characterized by distinct vocabulary, grammar and or pronunciation. • For example: • http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/collections/linguistics/ • These people are all from the same country, why do they sound different?

  11. Types of language • Sign languages – no spoken languages used to communicate with people whose hearing or speech is impaired. • Body language – gestures, facial expressions and other body movements • Touch/tactile language – Braille, • Specialized languages • Natural languages – languages have have emerged and evolved within living and historic communities • Artificial languages – Elvish, Vulcan, Klingon

  12. How many languages in the world? • 6900 different languages in the world • See chart on page 101 for the estimated numbers of speakers in different languages.

  13. Language families • Languages have been around for about 30,000 years but many people cannot agree on the origins of language because early languages weren’t written down. • The world’s languages have been classified into language families – a collection of languages that share a common but distant ancestor. • There about 90 different language families but 6 are considered major language families.

  14. Major language families • A hearth is a region or place where an innovation, idea, belief or cultural practice begins i.e. language and/or religion • The spread of language families is associated with migrations of different groups.

  15. Language diffusion • Three forces that help diffuse language • Politics • Religion • Economics

  16. Map of the Roman World

  17. Linguistic dominance is a situation when one language becomes comparatively more powerful than another language

  18. Language Dynamics • How do languages change from one place to another • What new words have been added to the English language? • How do these words reflect a change in culture? • A loan word is a word that originates in one language and is incorporated into the vocabulary of another language. What loan words can you list?

  19. Pidgin and Creole languages • A pidgin language is one that combines vocabulary and/or grammar from two or more languages. • A creole language is a language that develops from a pidgin language and is taught as a first language: Ex: Hawaiian Creole English.

  20. Lingua Franca • A language that is used to help trade or business between people who speak different languages. • Some say English is a lingua Franca both others say that English will not become a global language. Please read why on page 111

  21. Language Diversity Index • The LDI is the assortment of languages in an area. It is measured with 0.00 to .99. • If a country has a linguistic diversity of .00 then it is likely that two people chosen at random will speak the same language. • Countries close to a 1.0 will have considerable linquistic diversity. • U.S officially has 176 languages with a LDI of …. .27 • Look at the chart and map on 115

  22. Languages at risk Endangered language – a language that is no longer taught to children by their parents and is not used by conversation every Extinct language – a language that has no living speakers

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