Friday 1/31/14: India

1. Please get out the following: • All Ch. 11 CN • Unit 4 Content rubric • Pencil and highlighter Friday 1/31/14: India

2. Great Academic Word! Based on what we have been learning, what do you think the below word means? Discuss with your group and writeon the back of your new “Round Table Notes” handout. Subjugation: to make a subject (not a citizen) out of someone, to require someone to follow laws or orders without giving them rights or independence. Now, create a below the surface image to represent this word and prepare to share under the doc camera.

3. Other than Cornell Notes, there are many ways to write or type information you learn. • What matters? • What works for you? • What type of information it is? • What are you going to use the information for? • How useful will it be to study from? Different Styles of Notes:

4. The Raj (India): "Jewel in the Crown" of the British Empire

5. 1. The British East India Trading Company:1600 - 1874 Brits used the control of trade as a way to first get into India – “indirect control” Turned Indian princes and sub-cultures against each other and then took over when both sides were too weak to fight.

6. British East India Trading Company Agents Company Flag • Technology and a lack of honor gave the British an advantage in India • Owned by merchants and aristocrats – no government control. • The most commonly exploited, then traded items by the British included cotton, silk, indigo (deep blue color) dye, tea, salt and opium.

7. Exports from India by the Brits:1. British Opium Warehouses2. Cotton Plantations and 3. Tea Estates = The Wealth of India. These cash crops made the British rich and left India starving. 1 3 2

8. Darjeeling Railroad, 1880s British Imports: The English/British bring technology to India, like trains and the telegraph. They also import English style schools and European style government and business practices

9. 2. Multicultural India 3 Religions Dominate: * British are Christian * Indians are mostly Hindu, or Muslim * A minority of Sikhs also hold some power in the north (Punjab region) * Each religion has its own ideas, practices, traditions and taboos. These religious ways often created conflict. Hindu Under Christian Control Muslim

10. India Already has a built-in social class system.

11. A LifeofLeisure, Wealth and Privilege! British affect everyday life

12. Please get out the following: • India Round Table Notes • Piece of binder paper • Unit 4 content rubric Subjugation Monday 2/3/14

13. 3. Sepoys, 1850s * The English find the Indian climate uncomfortable. Not enough Englishmen wish to serve as soldiers to control the Indian population. * Since Indians already have a built in class-based society (caste system), the English make soldiers out of the warrior class. They train these men in English fighting techniques and in the use of English weapons. * The English also completely ignore the culture of these men. They cannot see past their own belief that their British culture is better.

14. Execution of Sepoys:“The Devil’s Wind” British maintained control in India with an army of 200,000 Indian Sepoy who were commanded by 40,000 British officers (5,000 Indians to every 1 British person).

15. India Already has a built-in social class system.

16. The Sepoy Crisis! British inventors develop a new more efficient rifle. It requires the soldier to bite the end off a pre made cartridge (bullet and gunpowder wrapped in paper) and put the open package down the barrel of the gun. The paper is greased with pig and cow fat (rumor) Cows are sacred to Hindus. Pigs are forbidden to Muslims. Both groups fear for their immortal souls if they use the guns. The British ignore the concerns of these soldiers and actually shoot the ones who complain as traitors.

17. 4. Sepoy Mutiny, May 1857 to June 1858 * Intense violence occurs on both sides. * Both the British and the Indians go after women and children and other non combatants. * Blood, literally, runs in the streets. * Only clever use of the telegraph allows the British to win the day.

18. The Sepoy Mutiny: 1857

19. By 1877: Queen Victoria becomes “Empress of India” and British government takes over running IndiaThis Period is Known as The Raj(the name for India)British East India Company in disgrace because they couldn’t hold economic power in India.Average English citizens horrified by the violence.Indian independence movement begins in 1885 India to gain sovereignty After the Sepoy Mutiny:

20. "Jewel in the Crown" • Collaborate with your partner at your table. • Complete the ASQ and answer, then the BSQ and answer at the bottom of your notes.

21. Analyzing Primary Sources: Read aloud with your partner the primary source and complete APPARTS Use the following slide to help guide you or check your work. We will talk about answers soon – be ready.

22. The Sepoy Rebellion/Mutiny: Then Read

23. The Sepoy Rebellion/Mutiny, May 10, 1857 "One day a great number of prisoners were brought in to the Officer Commanding my regiment, and in the morning the order came that they should be shot. It chanced that it was my turn to command the firing party... "At four o'clock in the day, the prisoners were all to be shot, and I must be my son's executioner. I went to the major sahib and requested I might be relieved from this duty as a very great favor; but he was very angry and said he should bring me to court martial for trying to shirk my duty; he would not believe I was a faithful servant of the English Government; he was sure my heart was in reality with the mutineers; he would hear me no longer. My feelings as a father got the better of me and I burst into a flood of tears. I told him I would shoot every one of the prisoners with my own hands if he ordered me, but I confessed that one of them was my son. He ordered my unhappy son to be brought before him and questioned him very strictly. He became convinced of the truth of my statement and ordered me to be relieved from this duty. "I went to my tent bowed down with grief. In a short time I heard the deadly volley. Through the kindness of the major I was allowed to perform the funeral rites over my misguided son - the only one of the prisoners over whom it was performed for the remaining bodies were all thrown to the jackals and vultures." Excerpt from From Sepoy to Subedar, Being the Life & Adventures of Subedar Sita Ram, a Native Officer of the Bengal Army

24. Please get out the following: • India Round Table Notes • Sepoy Mutiny APPARTS handout Block 2/4-5/14

25. Discuss and review with small group – be prepared to answer aloud: • Why was India known as the “jewel in the crown”? • How was India economically important to Britain? • How was the Sepoy Mutiny significant to the people of India? Review: Formative Assessment Next Week

26. The SepoyRebellion/Mutiny (Part 2): Then Read

27. The Sepoy Rebellion/Mutiny (Part Two): Scene of the Massacre of British Women and Children in Cawnpore, July 21, 1857 I never was more horrified. The place was one mass of blood. I am not exaggerating when I tell you that the soles of my boots were more than covered with the blood of these poor wretched creatures. Portions of their dresses, collars, children’s socks and ladies’ hats lay about, saturated with their blood; and in the sword cuts on the wooden pillars of the room, long dark hair was carried by the edge of the weapon…. ….Their bodies were afterwards dragged out and thrown down a well outside the building where their limbs were to be seen sticking out in a mass of gory confusion. Report of an Officer in General Havelock’s Relieving Force

28. Core – industrialized nations like Great Britain, America, Germany, and Japan Periphery (Peripheral) – countries that provided raw materials to the industrialized nations; very slow to begin industrializing themselves Core and Periphery as Social Studies Terms

29. As you read this paper on Core and Periphery on your own today… Follow the directions at the top of your handout for CLOSE reading strategy. Final Product: Outline format notes on pg.2 1. Main Idea A. Evidence 1 B. Evidence 2 2. Main Idea A. Evidence 1 B. Evidence 2

30. Use these vocab words for understanding today’s reading Core-at the center Periphery- in the outskirts, opposite of core, at the edge Subsistence Farming- Growing food for you to eat Cash Crop- Growing a plant to sell, like cotton or tobacco, that cannot be eaten 1st world countries- The industrialized nations, mostly North America, Europe, and Japan 3rd world countries- Nations that have not yet fully industrialized or do not control the industry in their own countries, most of Africa and the Middle East, Most of South Asia, Parts of South America

31. Dialect: a variety of a language that is a characteristic of a particular group of the language's speakers • Diplomacy: conducting negotiations between representatives of groups or states. It usually refers to international diplomacy, the conduct of international relations Two new important terms…

32. European Imperialismin China: late 1700s – early 1900s War and Disgrace Cornell Notes At the top of your in class CN: Guess… how were the experiences of the Chinese similar to or different from the people of India. Give a political, socialand economical guess (either similar or different).

33. 1st of 6 Slides Europeans were desperate to trade with China to get their superior goods, but pride caused the Chinese to pass laws saying the Europeans could only trade with one province, Guangzhou in the Canton region The Canton region system of Trade: Canton as the gateway to Chinese trade The Chinese would sell goods to Europe, but would only accept silver and gold in exchange. They found European goods to be inferior to their own. Europe, especially England, was losing money fast because they didn’t have the silver!

34. Canton region: This is why most people who live in this region speak Cantonese and not Mandarin – the two main Chinese dialects.

35. Trade with China: The British Markets Wanted Tea, Porcelain, Silk

36. Please get out the following: • China in class CN notes • Ch. 11.4 CN for prep check • Binder paper Thursday 2/6/14 Check 12.2 HW clarification!

37. These two men came from such different worlds and cultures that understanding between them was impossible. Both were Horribly insulted by the actions of the other. Neither understood why the other was getting upset. Both considered their country to be the BEST country in the world, and their culture the BEST culture in the world. Both men wanted the other to acknowledge their country’s superiority first. 1793: Qianlong meets George McCartney - A clash of Two worlds George McCartney Trade Ambassador for Great Britain Emperor Qianlong (Chen-lung) – not interested in “strange objects”

38. McCartney was thrown out of the Chinese court in disgrace for grave insults to the Emperor (he refused to bow to him, because he felt as a representative of the King of England, he was the equal of the Chinese Emperor.) • English turn to drug dealing instead to make their money illegally, since they can’t trade (barter) legally. • Their Drug of choice: Opium • The Chinese had already been introduced to the drug by the Dutch. When Diplomacy (communication between nations) Failed…

39. Selling Opium to the Chinese… • Motivation: the British thirst for tea, silk and porcelain • Problem of Destabilization: Payments only in silver or gold threatens the Brits econ. as China wanted nothing the British produced • Solution: Illegal importation of Opium into China, using barter system for the other wanted goods.

40. Answer to the right of the question on your notes paper: Why would Europeans (Dutch and Americans too) turn to selling drugs in China that were illegal in their own countries? How would they have Justified their actions?

41. 1st of 5 Slides Soon… • Vast sections of the Chinese coastal population are addicted to Opium. • Addicts will do anything to get their next fix (opium isn’t just addictive, once on the drug, death will result if you quit) • From government officials to peasant workers, China is overwhelmed by a drug plague.

42. Late 1830s: Commissioner Lin is put in charge of solving the problem by the Chinese Government. He is given great power and authority and uses it to outlaw all opium. The Chinese could no longer: Commissioner Lin • Transport opium • Sell opium • Have opium • Use opium • On Pain Of Death! • He even wrote a letter to Queen Victoria, asking her to be reasonable. Commissioner Lin and the Successful Suppression of Opium Burning Opium in the fields

43. 1839 The Opium War: “The most disreputable (not respected) War Britain ever fought” - Gladstone • Lin seizes all the Opium in China and has it thrown into the sea or destroyed. • The British lose millions of dollars in drugs overnight. • The British know they have better ships and better technology than the Chinese. • They attack the Chinese and start the Opium War.

44. China loses the war: outgunned and with backward technology British ships are fast, well armed and armored. Chinese ships are slow and poorly armed.

45. The British won the First Opium War. They open 5 ports to trade: Guangzhou (Canton), Xiamen (Amoy), Foochow (Fuzhou), Ningpo (Ningbo), Shanghai. • China paid 21 Million dollars reparations (fee for losses) • They grant Extraterritoriality- British Law for British citizens in China • And the Most Favored Nation Clause- First trade rights guaranteed to the British. • Later, in 1844, France and the USA gain similar rights in China. The Treaty of Nanjing, 1842: First Unequal Treaty

46. Answer to the right of the question on your notes paper: The Opium War was a dishonorable war. Americans and Europeans were no better than armed drug dealers. And yet, they get everything they want.Anticipate: How will China respond to the greedy violence of the Europeans and Americans?

47. 1st of 3 Slides 1856-1860 Second Opium War: Causes Remember, England was engaged in conflict with India at the time as well. • Desire by Brits for free trade • Desire to explore the interior • Desire for Christian missionary activity • Desire by British for legalization of opium • Desire for diplomatic relations • French wanted to defend trade as well. The Chinese lose Again. This time Britain has even better technology, better trained soldiers and a country not torn apart by internal fighting.

48. Europeans given the right to establish embassies (thus small pieces of their own countries) in Beijing • Opium legalized in China • 10 cities opened for trade and residence • Foreign ships navigate freely on Yangtze river • Foreigners right to travel, trade, and preach Christianity in China • 6 million dollars in war reparations to be paid by China (a kind of fine for losing) 1860: Treaties of Tianjin and Aigun

49. British soldiers sack the summer palace of the Emperor • Even after the treaties were established, England attacks again. • Foreigners earn little love in China with their behavior and sporadic fighting • Resistance on the part of the Chinese continues. Destruction of the Summer Palace: Last slide of side one

50. Summarize this page of notes in the space provided at the bottom of your page. With your partner…