Muscular System (Chapters 9 and 10)

1. Muscular System (Chapters 9 and 10) Function- transforms chemical energy (_____) into _______________energy, so that the muscles are capable of exerting a ________.

2. Muscle Overview • Muscle functions: • _______________ _______________ - voluntary and involuntary • _______________ _______________ - working against gravity • _______________ and _______________ joints to avoid damage • Generating __________through movement

3. Muscle Overview • Functional characteristics of Muscle: • _______________ response to a stimulus • _______________ shorten when adequately stimulated • _______________ ability to be stretched or extended (even beyond their resting length) • _______________ the ability of a muscle fiber to recoil and resume its resting length after being stretched

4. Muscle Overview • Muscle fibers/ _______________ : • formed from the fusion of _______________ (_______________ cell that gives rise to muscle cells) • long, _______________, _______________ cells • Contain _______________ / myofibers called ______ and _________ that are responsible for muscle contraction.

5. Skeletal Muscle • Attach to and _______the _______________ • Have the _______________ of the muscle types • _______________ stripes along the muscle tissue • Can be controlled _______________

6. Skeletal Muscle Structure- Gross • _______________– connective tissue covering that surrounds the muscle. • _______________– Connective tissue that joins bones to muscles.

7. Skeletal Muscle Structure- Gross • _______________ : connective tissue covering that surrounds the fascicle • _______________ : bundle of muscle fibers • __________and ___________supply is present so the muscles can react to stimulus and receive proper _____________ to function and receive energy.

8. Skeletal Muscle Structure- Gross • Attachments: • Most span __________ and attach to bones in at least ___ locations. • _______________ muscle attachment in which moves toward the ____________ bone • _______________ muscle attachment that moves toward the ____________ or less ____________ bone.

9. Skeletal Muscle Structure- Gross • Ways muscle attach: • __________- the ____________ of the muscle is fused to the ____________ of a bone of perichondrium of a cartilage (ex. __________). • ___________- the muscle’s connective tissue wrappings extend beyond the muscle as a ropelike ____________ ; common(ex. __________ ).

10. Skeletal Muscle Structure- Cellular • ____________ ________ is the muscle cell. • Long and ____________ cells • ____________, because of ____________ cells • Because of the ____________ of cells, the names of certain structures are different, but the primary ____________ is the same.

11. Skeletal Muscle Structure- Cellular • One muscle fiber • ____________ : connective tissue covering that surrounds the fiber

12. Skeletal Muscle Structure- Cellular Endomysium • ____________ : plasma membrane; below this are ____________ and ____________ • ____________ : cytoplasm of the muscle fibers; contains large amounts of ____________ (stored ____________ ) • ____________ ____________ : endoplasmic reticulum; releases ____________ ions during contraction and absorbs them during relaxation. • ____________ : red pigment that stores ____________ within the protein. • Look at myofibrils (next slide)

13. Cellular structure of a muscle • ____________ : (bundles of ____________ ) Contain the ____________ elements of the muscle cell. • ____________ : a repeating series of ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ bands.

14. Sarcomere (a segment of myofibril) • ____________(area between 2 Z disks) made of:1 ____________ Thick ____________ protein; have a light H zone present when relaxed and is bisected by an M line.2. I band- Thin Actinprotein

15. Myofilament • The ____________ of the thin past the thick produces muscle ____________ (____________ ) actin fascicle myosin Muscle cell Myofilament

16. Muscle Contraction and Relaxation Muscle Contraction • The ____________ ____________ has a high concentration of ____________ ions ( ______ ) • A muscle ______ sent to the sarcoplasmic reticulum causes the membrane to release ______ • The presence of ______ allows links to be formed between ______ (______ ) and ______ (______ ) • Thick filaments have a ______ head which attach to the ______ on the thin filament. • These linkages are called ______ ______ . • ______ ______ attach to microtubules at each A and I band junction forming an elongated tube; can conduct impulses to the deepest parts of the tissue signal for the release of ______ .