Early Humans Chapter 1, Section 1

1. Early HumansChapter 1, Section 1 Vocabulary historian archaeologist artifact fossil anthropologist nomad technology domesticate specialization

2. Early Humans—Tools of Discovery • __________ is the story of humans in the past. • Historians—________________________________. • We know about the past from things people left behind. • Archaeologists—_____________________________. • Anthropologists—_____________________________. • Both look for artifacts and fossils to tell us about the past (pg 9). • Artifacts—________________________________________. • Fossils—_________________________________________. • Historians call early period of human history the Stone Age (called this b/c people used stone to make tools/weapons).

3. Fossils or Artifacts

4. Archaeological Dig Sites

5. Early Humans • Earliest period of Old Stone Age was the __________ period. • Began about 2.5 million yrs ago & lasted until about 8000 B.C. • Paleolithic people were _________ b/c they hunted and gathered and constantly moved around. • Nomads—_________________________________. • Men and Women had different roles: • Women—cared for children & gathered berries, nuts, and grains. • Men—hunted animals using clubs, spears, traps, and bows & arrows.

6. Early Humans • Paleolithic people adapted to their ___________. • Warm climates: wore little clothing and not much need for shelter. • Cold climates: used caves for shelter and over time learned to use animal hides and wooden poles to create shelters. • Paleolithic people discovered ______. • Fire kept them warm, provided light, and helped cook food. • Needed fire to survive ________. • Ice Age = long periods of extreme cold. • Paleolithic people also developed spoken _________. (This made it easier to work together and pass on knowledge. ) • Also expressed themselves not in words, but _____.

7. Early Humans • Crushed yellow, black, & red to make powders. • Painted pics of lions, oxens, panthers, & other animals on cave walls. (These may have had religious meaning) • Paleolithic people were first to use ___________. • Technology—_______________ _________________________. • Created tools like spears and axes using a hard stone called flint. • Over time, they started creating sharper tools like fishhooks and needles made from animal bones.

8. Early Humans—Neolithic Times • After last Ice Age, people began to __________. • Known as the Neolithic Age or _________________. • Domesticate—______________________________. • Domesticated animals carried goods and provided meat, milk, and wool. • About the same time, people in different regions of the world began to grow crops. Historians call this the _____________________. • Revolution—_____________________________________. • Villages started forming b/c farmers had to stay close to their fields. • These started forming near rivers and bodies of water.

9. Early Humans--Neolithic • One of oldest villages is ____________ in present day Israel and Jordan. • Another is ________________ in present day Turkey. • Permanent villages provided people w/more security and steady food. Surplus of food led to larger populations. • Not all were farmers: Some started making pottery, mats, and cloth. Started trading these goods to get things they didn’t have. • People practiced ______________________. • Late Neolithic times, continued to make advances: • Created better farming tools. • Began working with metal, copper, and tin. • Started to work with ____________ b/c it was harder and longer lasting.

10. Paleolithic vs. Neolithic