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WORLD WAR II. 1939-1945. Failure of the League of Nations. League used policy of APPEASEMENT Giving in with hopes the aggressor will stop Examples: Allowing Japan’s invasion of China Allowing Italy’s colonization of Ethiopia. Hitlers Annexation of Austria.
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WORLD WAR II 1939-1945
Failure of the League of Nations • League used policy of APPEASEMENT • Giving in with hopes the aggressor will stop • Examples: • Allowing Japan’s invasion of China • Allowing Italy’s colonization of Ethiopia
Hitlers Annexation of Austria • 1936- Hitler breaks with Treaty of Versailles and annexes Austria to Germany • Why would Austria be okay with this? • Which cartoon illustrates this event?
Munich Conference • Hitler wants Sudetenland but takes all of Czechoslovakia. • He was given permission to take Sudetenland through the Munich Agreement orchestrated by GB Prime Minister Chamberlain…known as the APPEASEMENT POLICY Stalin not invited…not trusted by westerners…he was annoyed
Appeasement • Who is sitting in a circle? • Who seems to be left out? • How do you think the one left out feels? • Can you find another cartoon that illustrates the same event?
Hitler wants Poland • Hitler wants to unite all German people displaced by Treaty of Versailles • Therefore wants to take the Polish Corridor • GB and France pledge to defend Poland…so Hitler seeks an ally…Stalin • Can you find the correct cartoon?
Non-Aggression Pact • Hitler seeks friendly agreement with Stalin • Not to fight one another • Split Poland • Stalin agrees…due to USSR slighted by the Munich Conference • Can you find the cartoon?
Germany Invades Poland-Sept 1939 • Germans use BLITZKRIEG • “Lightening Attack” • Air Raids • Tank Invasions • Ground Troops • Initial targets are: • Military bases • Industrial sites; factories • Communication centers Influenced by Napoleon’s strategies of bomb first…
Hitler Invades France • Through BELGIUM…sound familiar • Pushes through the Maginot Line with not problem…it was a trench system • French pushed to the Atlantic coast … many saved by British naval aid; Battle of Dunkirk, but not enough • France eventually falls to Germany
France Surrenders Cartoon?
Battle of Britain-July 1940-Jan 1941 • Hitler needs to take GB to win the war • GOAL: air raids to eventual amphibious invasion • Air raids never weaken GB enough…Hitler’s plan ruined • Ultra • Radar • Winston Churchill states, “Never was so much owed by so many to so few” • Can you match the cartoon?
Hitler Invades Soviet Union • Hitler breaks Non-aggression Pact in June, 1941 and invades USSR • Invades and controls Balkan States and most of Eastern Europe before invading USSR • Hitler wants USSR to create more living space or “lebensraum” for his Aryan race…and wanted to eradicate more Jews Can you match the cartoon?
US and Japan • President Roosevelt’s embargo on Japan put tremendous stress on the Japanese war machine • Japan decides to seek revenge on US…thus the bombing of Pearl Harbor • Early Sunday, Dec 7, 1941 Japanese successfully attack the US Naval Base at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii • US declares war on Japan and its Axis Allies • “…a date which will live in infamy”
Allies vs. Axis Powers-Dec 1941 • Great Britain • Soviet Union • United States • France • Germany • Italy • Japan
Axis Lose in North Africa • The German tank commander Erwin Rommel, “Desert Fox” meets his match in El Alamein in North Africa. • Allies win North Africa gaining control of important oil supplies • Allies also have easier access into Italy
Battle of Stalingrad – August 1942 • Germans losing in USSR and try to take industrial city of Stalingrad • Germans lured into city and then surrounded by Soviet army…Germans forced to surrender due to lack of supplies and the RUSSIAN WINTER • Soviet begin to push the Germans out of USSR Can you find another cartoon for this Battle?
Italy Falls to Allies • Mussolini slowing losing control of Italy • People question his role in WWII • Economy weakening • People losing faith in fascist ruler • Allies invade through Sicily, Mussolini flees to the hills, and people quickly surrender to Allies-Sept 1943 & join Allies • CAN MATCH THE CARTOON?
Execution of Mussolini Caught by Italians he was shot and then hung in the Piazza in Milan
D-Day –June 6, 1944 • Operation Overlord • GOAL: Liberate France • August 25, 1944 • US, GB, Canadian troops • Landed on the beaches of Normandy, France-fooled Germans…expected them to land in Calais. • Included: • 3000 landing crafts • 2500 other ships • 500 naval vessels • 13,000 air craft • 2500 Allies lost • 20,000 Germans lost by August
Push towards Germany • After the Allies success of southern front in … • North Africa And the Soviet victory in … • Stalingrad And the Allies successful amphibious landing in… • France Hitler was being pushed back into Germany. Can you match the cartoon?
Germany Falls • With the Allies moving in on Germany from East and West…Germany in another 2 front war. • Russia invades Berlin in April 20, 1945 Hitler commits suicide April 30 Germany surrenders May 7, 1945 V-E Day!!
Pacific Theater • Kicked off by bombing of Pearl Harbor • By end of 1942 • Japan conquered 1+ million sq miles of Pacific • controlled 150+ million people
Battle of Midway – June 1942 • Turning point in Pacific • US destroys most of Japanese Fleet • Japanese begin to retreat
Island Hopping • US begins strategy called “island hopping” • take Japanese controlled islands one at a time pushing them toward Japan • US pushed Japanese back to Japan but they would not surrender…
Hiroshima-August 6, 1945 • After a warning to …“surrender or face prompt and utter destruction” the Japanese do not heed the warning. • United States drops “little boy” on the city of Hiroshima
Nagasaki- August 9, 1945 • After Hiroshima, Japan still did not surrender… • So US dropped “fat man” on the city of Nagasaki
After Before
V-J Day- September 2, 1945 • Japan finally surrenders to the United States August 15, 1845 • Signs treaty September 2, 1945 • World War II – officially over
