1 / 33

ENVIRONMENTALLY SOUND PLANT NUTRITION

ENVIRONMENTALLY SOUND PLANT NUTRITION. Dr. Péter Csathó. I recommend this course to my Profess ors who taught me the first steps and basics of this beautiful profession, and have accompanied my career with their advice and encouragement. Sarkadi János (1920-2006).

patrickv
Download Presentation

ENVIRONMENTALLY SOUND PLANT NUTRITION

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. ENVIRONMENTALLY SOUND PLANT NUTRITION Dr. PéterCsathó

  2. I recommend this course to my Professors who taught me the first steps and basics of this beautiful profession, and have accompanied my career with their advice and encouragement. Sarkadi János (1920-2006) Kádár Imre (1943- ) 1.History of agriculture and soil fertility

  3. ENVIRONMENTALLY SOUND PLANT NUTRITION    1. History of agriculture and soil fertility 2. Basic principles and methods of soil tests (30 slides) 3. Principles and methods of plant analysis4. Types of Plant Nutrition Experiments5. Principles and method of nutrient balance 6. Plant nutrition and environmental aspectsof soil pH and lime status 7. Assessing of organic farming from the aspect of sustainable plant nutrition 8. The environmental aspects of plant nutrition9. Heavy metal load of agricultural production related to plants nutrition 10. The basics of environmentally sound plant nutrition advisory system : Evaluation of the database of Hungarian long-termfield NPK fertilization exeriments11. The structure of environmentally sound plant nutrition advisory system 12. Comparative evaluation of the environmentally sound plant nutrition advisory system, and its application in case of some farms

  4. 1. History of agriculture and soil fertility ENVIRONMENTALLY SOUND PLANT NUTRITION

  5. „ From all the results, which humans achieved in the last 150 years, perhaps nothing better contributed to the welfare of growth, such as the development of agriculture." (Salmon és Hanson, 1970) 1. History of agriculture and soil fertility

  6. The cradle of Humans The fertile crescentThe volcanic cones "skirt"  "God-fertilized land"We are only modeling this process by organic and synthetic process fertilization 1. History of agriculture and soil fertility

  7. Fertility of soil in different historical eras To let the land lie fallow/ itinerant agriculture /Set-aside / land cultivation /2 field system 3 field systemBlack fallow, deepening plowing 1. History of agriculture and soil fertility

  8. Ancient greeks and Romans - The comparison of the effect of poultry manure with the beef and lamb manure.- The positive effect of fallowing - Green manuring- The yield-increasing role of legumes- The use of mineral fertilizers: marl, gypsum, lime, wood ashes.- The advantages of plants rotation 1. History of agriculture and soil fertility

  9. Asian cultures (China, Japan, Southeast Asia nations) Already thousands of years ago: regular fertilization.The main reason: The population density was high and they had not fertile land reserves that could be involved into cultivation 1. History of agriculture and soil fertility

  10. In the Middle East and Holy Land They knew the importance of fertilization.Jesus' parable of the barren fig tree 1. History of agriculture and soil fertility

  11. 1. History of agriculture and soil fertility

  12. The densely populated Netherlands in the 1500s they had a brisk trade with manure fertilizer (Dreakhandel) Italy: In 1800 collection of manures Paris: driedfeces + peat: poudrette Germany 1800: They also trade with manure 1. History of agriculture and soil fertility

  13. Eastern Europe : Sufficient amount of arable land is available.The lands were involved into cultivationrelatively recently /e.g. regulation of the river Tisza /They took not too muchcare for manure handling andand adding it to the area. 1. History of agriculture and soil fertility

  14. West Europe: The appreciation of farmyard manure Agriculture that let the land lie fallow : increasingcrop growth with the use of farmyard manureCrop rotation: farmyard manure, the use of legumesThaer: humus theory stated that the food of plant is humus Albrecht Thaer (1752-1828) 1. History of agriculture and soil fertility

  15. The father of field experimentation -Pot and field experiments- N-fixation of legumes • CO2 uptake - Nutrient balance Jean-BaptisteBoussingault (1802 -1887) 1. History of agriculture and soil fertility

  16. He conducted pioneering research in the agricultural chemistry in the first half of the 1800s.His early articles and books opened a new era of agronomic sciences.In 1826 he refuted the theory of humus in his article.In 1828 he published another, more expansive essayon the topic ofsoil chemistry and plants mineralsfeeding, which included the essence of the minimumlaw.Liebig made popularthese pioneering discoveries of Sprengel in his book with the title of Agricultural and physiological applicationof organic chemistry published in 1840 Philipp Carl Sprengel (1787-1859)

  17. The need of returning the nutrients which are taken up by plantsIf we neglect it : we made a robber economy. The disintegration of many of the old empires and the the great migrationscan be attributed to this robber economy Justus von Liebig (1803-1873) 1. History of agriculture and soil fertility

  18. The development and importance of fertilization Sprengel and Liebig's theory of mineralrefuted the theory of humus by ThaerThe importance of phosphorus and potassium+Boussinggault the importance of nitrogen 1. History of agriculture and soil fertility

  19. Relationship between cereal grain yield ,the use of chemicals, mechanization and population density between the two world wars (Prjanisnyikov, 1945) County Yield Fertilizer* Tractor Population density t/ha NPK, kg/ha pcs/1000 ha person/km2 The Netherlands 3,0 109 - 217 Belgium 2,8 89 1 257 Gemany 2,2 67 - 138 The USA 0,9 12 10 13 * Related to N + P2O5 + K2O kg/ha arable land 1. History of agriculture and soil fertility

  20. Agroclimatic and integrated agricultural zones of the USA States of US The amount of yearly precipitate Average temperature Agricultural zones

  21. The Russian soil-agrochemical school   Vasily Dokucsajev (1846-1903):genetic soil classificationDmitri Mendeleev (1834-1907):National field fertilization experimentKonstantin Ketanovic Gedrojc (1872-1932):The first description of soil adsorption complex 1. History of agriculture and soil fertility

  22. The location of essential elements for plats in Mendeleev's periodic system 1. History of agriculture and soil fertility

  23. Sprengel, Liebig minimum law Plant growth is determined by the scarcest (or minimum) nutrient available to it. If one growth factor is deficient, plant growth is limited, even if all other nutrients are adequate Plant growth can be improved by increasing the supply of deficient nutrients. Liebig's barrel (right). 1. History of agriculture and soil fertility

  24. A Mitscherlich diminising response curve : with successive applications of fertilizers the yield increments become progressively smaller. (tettem be egy angol ábrát és, még két ábrát) Elihardt Alfred Mitscherlich (1874-1956) 1. History of agriculture and soil fertility

  25. Mitscherlich law yield Nutrient supply

  26. Mitscherlich law (diminishing response curve) yield Fertilizer doses

  27. Nutrition requirements of different farming methods (Kádár, 1979) Fallow farming without plough 0,1-0,2 t/ha Fallow farming with plough 0,4-0,6 t/ha Crop rotation at the turn 1,0-1,5 t/ha of the century Hungary in the 1970s 3-4 t/ha Intensive farming in the 1970s 5-6 t/ha Intensive farming in the 1980s 8-10 t/ha 1. History of agriculture and soil fertility

  28. Four-year plant NPK losses under different farming conditions kg/ha (Kádár 1979) Farming methods N P2O5 K2O Sum Fallow farming (own estimation ) 12 4 2 18 Farming in Előszállás (Cserháti és Kosutány 1887) 20 8 5 33 Crop rotation in Rothamstedi in the XIX. century (Cooke 1965) 64 21 7 92 Farming in Magyaróvár (Cserháti és Kosutány 1887) 61 24 16 101 State farm in 1970-75 (own estimation) 337 108 160 605 Modern crop rotation in England (Cooke 1965) 438 144 490 1072 Leading farms in the 1980s (own estimation) 674 216 320 1210 1. History of agriculture and soil fertility

  29. NPK fertilizer production and application Theywere called commercial fertilizers initially.1830- Chile saltpeter (NaNO3)1840- exploration of guano sites The first "real" fertilizer in 1840, superphosphate (Liebig)Mining on potash sites in 1860 in Strassfurt1895- the firstlime nitrogen- factorybased on Frank Caro1913- ammonium nitrate production based on Haber-Bosh 1. History of agriculture and soil fertility

  30. Real rockphosphate and potash stocks Their amount will be enough till 10-100 - 1000 years(Depending on the literary source)Rock phosphate stocks:Igneous (hard): 20%Sedimentary (soft): 80%The latter has Cd contamination 1. History of agriculture and soil fertility

  31. NPK fertilizer application of the world 1950-2005 (FAO fertilizer almanac)

  32. Fertilizer application in Hungary, 1901-2010(Csathó és Radimszky, 2011)

More Related