1 / 28

Chapter 7

Chapter 7. Muscular System. Functions of Muscular System. Body heat to maintain body temperature Body movement Body form and shape to maintain posture. Types of Muscles. Skeletal muscle Under conscious control Smooth muscle Not under conscious control Cardiac muscle In the heart only.

oleg-garcia
Download Presentation

Chapter 7

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Chapter 7 Muscular System

  2. Functions of Muscular System • Body heat to maintain body temperature • Body movement • Body form and shape to maintain posture

  3. Types of Muscles • Skeletal muscle • Under conscious control • Smooth muscle • Not under conscious control • Cardiac muscle • In the heart only

  4. Animation – Typesof Muscle Tissue Click Here to play Types of Muscle Tissue animation

  5. Characteristics of Muscles • Contractibility • Excitability or irritability • Extensibility • Elasticity

  6. Muscle Attachmentsand Functions • Over 650 muscles in the body • Muscles must be attached to bones for leverage • Muscles only pull, never push • Attached to bone by tendons

  7. Muscle Attachmentsand Functions • Muscles are attached at both ends • Attachments may be to bones, cartilage, ligaments, tendons, skin or to each other • Origin and insertion • Prime mover and antagonist • Synergists

  8. Sources of Energy and Heat • Narrow range of normal body temperature • 98.6 °F to 99.8°F • ATP (adenosine triphosphate) • Need oxygen, glucose, and other material to make • By-product is lactic acid

  9. Contraction of Skeletal Muscle • Myoneural stimulation • Contraction of muscle proteins

  10. Effects of Aging • Muscle atrophy • Fibrous tissue replaces the muscle tissue • Decrease in muscular strength and endurance • Loss of energy storage • Fatigue

  11. Muscle Fatigue • Caused by accumulation of lactic acid in the muscles • When not enough oxygen can be transported to oxidize all the glucose • Muscles contract anaerobically • Excess lactic acid causes fatigue and cramps • Need to repay oxygen debt

  12. Muscle Tone • Muscle tone • Muscles are always slightly contracted and ready to pull • Proper nutrition and regular exercise • Isotonic • Isometric • Atrophy and hypertrophy

  13. Principle Skeletal Muscles • Skeletal or voluntary muscles • Move the skeleton • Also control movement of the eyeballs, eyelids, lips, tongues, and skin

  14. Naming of Skeletal Muscles • Location • Size • Direction • Number of origins • Location of origin and insertion • Not all muscles are named by above method

  15. Muscles • 656 muscles • 327 antagonistic muscles and two unpaired muscles • Orbicularis oris • Diaphragm

  16. Muscles • Head muscles • Neck muscles • Trunk and extremity muscles

  17. Muscles of the Head and Neck • Control expressions • Mastication • Movement of the head

  18. Muscles • Muscles of the upper extremities • Shoulder, arm and hand movements • Muscles of the trunk • Breathing and movement of the abdomen and pelvis • Muscles of the lower extremities • Thigh, leg, ankle, foot, and toes

  19. Exercise • Alters the size, structure, and strength of a muscle • Atrophy • Hypertrophy • Scar formation from injury

  20. Exercise • Improved coordination • Improved respiratory and circulatory system • Elimination or reduction of excess fat • Improved joint movement

  21. Exercise • Increase in muscle size • Improved antagonistic muscle coordination • Improved functioning in the cortical brain region, where the nerve impulses that start muscular contraction

  22. Massage Muscles • Potential health benefits • Terms used in massage therapy to describe type of massage • Location of surface body muscles • Physiotherapy and general massage

  23. Electrical Stimulation • Passing electrical currents through the skin into the body for therapeutic uses • Stimulate nerve tissue • Do not produce heat or cold • Used in physical therapy

  24. Intramuscular Injections • Deltoid (upper arm) • Vastus lateralis (anterior thigh) • Dorsal gluteal or ventral gluteal (buttocks)

  25. Musculoskeletal Disorders • Muscle atrophy • Muscle strain • Muscle spasm • Myalgia • Hernia

  26. Musculoskeletal Disorders • Flatfeet (talipes) • Tetanus (lockjaw) • Torticollis (wry neck) • Muscular dystrophy • Myastenia gravis

  27. Recreational Injuries • Tennis elbow • Shin splints • Rotator cuff disease

  28. Treatment • Short term treatment for sprains, tears, pulls and other minor muscle of joint injuries • RICE • R – Rest • I – Ice • C – Compression • E – Elevation

More Related