Chapter 7 - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Chapter 7

Muscular System

• Body heat to maintain body temperature
• Body movement
• Body form and shape to maintain posture

• Skeletal muscle
• Under conscious control
• Smooth muscle
• Not under conscious control
• Cardiac muscle
• In the heart only

Click Here to play Types of Muscle Tissue animation

• Contractibility
• Excitability or irritability
• Extensibility
• Elasticity

• Over 650 muscles in the body
• Muscles must be attached to bones for leverage
• Muscles only pull, never push
• Attached to bone by tendons

• Muscles are attached at both ends
• Attachments may be to bones, cartilage, ligaments, tendons, skin or to each other
• Origin and insertion
• Prime mover and antagonist
• Synergists

• Narrow range of normal body temperature
• 98.6 °F to 99.8°F
• ATP (adenosine triphosphate)
• Need oxygen, glucose, and other material to make
• By-product is lactic acid

• Myoneural stimulation
• Contraction of muscle proteins

• Muscle atrophy
• Fibrous tissue replaces the muscle tissue
• Decrease in muscular strength and endurance
• Loss of energy storage
• Fatigue

• Caused by accumulation of lactic acid in the muscles
• When not enough oxygen can be transported to oxidize all the glucose
• Muscles contract anaerobically
• Excess lactic acid causes fatigue and cramps
• Need to repay oxygen debt

• Muscle tone
• Muscles are always slightly contracted and ready to pull
• Proper nutrition and regular exercise
• Isotonic
• Isometric
• Atrophy and hypertrophy

• Skeletal or voluntary muscles
• Move the skeleton
• Also control movement of the eyeballs, eyelids, lips, tongues, and skin

• Location
• Size
• Direction
• Number of origins
• Location of origin and insertion
• Not all muscles are named by above method

• 656 muscles
• 327 antagonistic muscles and two unpaired muscles
• Orbicularis oris
• Diaphragm

• Head muscles
• Neck muscles
• Trunk and extremity muscles

• Control expressions
• Mastication
• Movement of the head

• Muscles of the upper extremities
• Shoulder, arm and hand movements
• Muscles of the trunk
• Breathing and movement of the abdomen and pelvis
• Muscles of the lower extremities
• Thigh, leg, ankle, foot, and toes

• Alters the size, structure, and strength of a muscle
• Atrophy
• Hypertrophy
• Scar formation from injury

• Improved coordination
• Improved respiratory and circulatory system
• Elimination or reduction of excess fat
• Improved joint movement

• Increase in muscle size
• Improved antagonistic muscle coordination
• Improved functioning in the cortical brain region, where the nerve impulses that start muscular contraction

• Potential health benefits
• Terms used in massage therapy to describe type of massage
• Location of surface body muscles
• Physiotherapy and general massage

• Passing electrical currents through the skin into the body for therapeutic uses
• Stimulate nerve tissue
• Do not produce heat or cold
• Used in physical therapy

• Deltoid (upper arm)
• Vastus lateralis (anterior thigh)
• Dorsal gluteal or ventral gluteal (buttocks)

• Muscle atrophy
• Muscle strain
• Muscle spasm
• Myalgia
• Hernia

• Flatfeet (talipes)
• Tetanus (lockjaw)
• Torticollis (wry neck)
• Muscular dystrophy
• Myastenia gravis

• Tennis elbow
• Shin splints
• Rotator cuff disease

• Short term treatment for sprains, tears, pulls and other minor muscle of joint injuries
• RICE
• R – Rest
• I – Ice
• C – Compression
• E – Elevation