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Authoritarianism, Fascism, and Totalitarianism

Authoritarianism, Fascism, and Totalitarianism. The Origins, Nature, and Appeal of Fascism. The Right Wing Single Party States. Origins: 1920s and 1930s: Common Circumstances First World War Wall Street Crash and Great Depression Impact of trench warfare Fate of the state=Infantrymen

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Authoritarianism, Fascism, and Totalitarianism

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  1. Authoritarianism, Fascism, and Totalitarianism The Origins, Nature, and Appeal of Fascism

  2. The Right Wing Single Party States • Origins: • 1920s and 1930s: Common Circumstances • First World War • Wall Street Crash and Great Depression • Impact of trench warfare • Fate of the state=Infantrymen • Power follows ability to lead • From traditional leaderships to masses • Masses of Central, Eastern, and Southern Europe? • Experience with government? • Vulnerable to demagogues • Save the fading elites or personal power • Developments in the Media • Unprecedented Access

  3. The Right Wing Single Party States • Nature: • Coups or threats of violence • How were they authoritarian?: • Suspension of parliamentary constitutions • Rule by threat of terror • Criticism=traitor • Opposition=illegal • Enforcement of control (Means) • What claims did they make?: • Patriotism • Law and Order • Defending country against bolshevism • National regeneration

  4. The Right Wing Single Party States • Nature: • Leadership: Army officers or militarization • Control of media? • Scapegoating of minorities?

  5. Fascism • Many Interpretations: • Seymour Martin Lipset: • A lower-middle class radicalismWhy? • Weaknesses of this argument? • Role of elites • Fascism-Classless movement? • Marxists-Fascist Rulers=Agents of Capitalism • NicosPoulantzas-Radical Populist movement • Problem of restoring hegemony • K.D. Bracherand Eric Hobsbawm • “The revolutionaries of counter-revolution” • “FASCIST”-Can we define it? • Robert Paxton Definition

  6. Comparison of Hitler and Stalin Stalin Hitler Rise: Outside a system Far from a committee man Aloof/”Solve themselves” Nazism: Hitler’s Creation Hitler: Opponents Considerable trust in some Incredible charisma Radicalism increased Hitler- “Irreplaceable” • Rise: Within a system • Committee Man • Interventionist/Micro-Manager • Policies: Against ideology • Terrorized support and dissent • Trusted no one • Cult of Personality=Sham • Conservatism increased • Stalin- “Replaceable”

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