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THE COLD WAR

THE COLD WAR. APWH Unit 5. 1945-1991. The Two Sides in the Cold War. Capitalism NATO North Atlantic Treaty Organization United States, Great Britain, France, and West Germany. Communism Warsaw Pact Pro-Soviet countries. USSR and all the countries controlled by the USSR.

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THE COLD WAR

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  1. THE COLD WAR APWH Unit 5

  2. 1945-1991

  3. The Two Sides in the Cold War • Capitalism • NATO • North Atlantic Treaty Organization • United States, Great Britain, France, and West Germany. • Communism • Warsaw Pact • Pro-Soviet countries. • USSR and all the countries controlled by the USSR.

  4. Soviet Occupation • Soviet Domination of Eastern Europe • Communist took over between 1947 and 1949 • Poland, Bulgaria, Romania, and Hungary • Czechoslovakia • Communists lost elections. • Feb 25, 1948 seized control of government. • Yugoslavia • Josip Broz (Tito) 1892-1980 • Established independent communist state.

  5. The Iron Curtain • Winston Churchill • 1949 speech. • Truman Doctrine • U.S. provide money to any country threatened by communist expansion. • Marshall Plan • European Recovery Program. • $13 billion. • Open to any European nation.

  6. Europe Divided • Containment. • Countering Soviet pressure. • Germany partitioned. • U.S., U.S.S.R., France, and Great Britain. • Soviet areas. • Repartitions. • German Communist Party. • American, French, and English areas. • Gradually merged by Feb 1948.

  7. Europe Divided • Berlin Airlift • Soviet Blockade of Berlin • U.S. deliver supplies by plane. • May 1949, blockade lifted. • Federal Republic of Germany • West Germany • German Democratic Republic • East Germany

  8. The Berlin Wall

  9. Cold War Alliances • North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) • Formed in April 1949. • Created to counter Soviet growth in Eastern Europe. • Belgium, Luxemburg, Netherlands, France, Britain, Italy, Denmark, Norway, Portugal, Iceland, U.S., and Canada. • 1951 West Germany and Turkey • Warsaw Pact • 1955 defensive alliance. • Albania, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, East Germany, Hungary, Hungary, Poland, Romania, and U.S.S.R.

  10. Who started the Cold War? • Stalin? • Truman? • Both?

  11. Cold War in Asia • At Yalta, Stalin promised interest in Manchuria. • Promised alliance with Republic of China. • Not to provide support to Communists in China. • Relations between Chiang and U.S. frayed. • US disillusioned with corruption. • Communists building strength in North. • Peoples Liberation Army (PLA). • U.S. liaisons impressed. • Sought coalition government.

  12. Chinese Civil War • 1946, Full Scale War. • Millions of peasants joined PLA. • Middle class support. • Chiang’s troops began to defect. • 1948, PLA captured Beijing. • Chiang's government and 2 million followers fled to Taiwan. • 1950, Truman declared support for Taiwan. • 1954, Mutual security treaty with Taiwan.

  13. CCP Rule • Chinese Communist Party. • Focus on domestic issues. • Erase centuries of humiliation. • Restore traditional frontier. • Tributary states.

  14. Korean War • In August 1945, U.S. and Soviet Union divided Korea. • Planned to hold elections • On June 25, 1950 North Korea invaded South Korea. • U.N. Security Council resolution to stop invasion. • September 1950, General Douglas MacArthur crossed the 38th parallel. • November 1950, Chinese forces drove U.N. troops back to the 38th parallel. • U.S. 7th fleet to Taiwan strait to stop invasion.

  15. Korean War • July 1953 cease fire agreement • DMZ established. • Demilitarized Zone • 38th Parallel. • No official treaty has been signed to end to war.

  16. Conflict in Indo China • Ho Chi Mihn. • French returned to claim former colony. • Dec 1946 anti colonial struggle. • 1954 Geneva Conference. • Cambodia and Laos independent and neutral.

  17. Confrontation to Coexistence • 1949, Soviets detonate first atomic bomb. • 1953, Stalin dies. • Grergy Malenkov. • Short-term leader until permanent replacement is chosen. • Nikita Khrushchev 1955-1964.

  18. Unrest in Eastern Europe • 1953, Eastern Berlin. • Popular riots • 1956, Poland. • Demonstrations. • Leaders stepped down. • Wladyslaw Gomulka (1905-1982). • October 1956, Hungary. • Matyas Rakosi. • Student led popular riots. • Imre Nagy (1896-1958). • Promised free elections. • Moscow sent troops. • Installed Janos Kadar.

  19. Unrest in Eastern Europe • 1957, Soviets first ICBM. • Intercontinental Ballistic Missile. • Designed for nuclear warhead capabilities. • West Berlin problem. • Khrushchev backed down. • Cultural exchange between East and West.

  20. Third World Rivalry • Khrushchev sought alliances. • Nassar in Egypt. • Nehru in India. • Castro in Cuba. • Cuban Missile Crisis. • 1959, Castro takes over Cuba. • Bay of Pigs. • USSR decided to place nuclear missiles in Cuba. • Kennedy blockaded Soviet fleet from reaching Cuba. • Closest point of nuclear war between USSR and US. • 1963, set up hotline between Washington and Moscow.

  21. People in the United States built more bomb shelters.

  22. Sino-Soviet Dispute • China becoming more radical. • Convinced successful Soviet space program meant superior. • Soviets began to remove advisors from China. • 1961 open dispute. • Isolating China.

  23. Vietnam War • Part 2 of the conflict in Indochina. • Ngo Dihn Diem in South Vietnam. • Refused to hold elections. • 1959, Minh decided to promote revolution in South Vietnam. • 1963, South Vietnam on verge of collapse. • Vietcong. • 1965, on verge of seizing control, • United States President Johnson decides to send in combat troops.

  24. If Vietnam goes Communist, Southeast Asia will follow, along with everything east of Europe.

  25. Vietnam War • 1968, war at stalemate. • 1969, Nixon new U.S. president. • Began troop withdrawal. • Nixon sends Kissinger to China. • 1972, Nixon visits China. • Fall of Saigon. • January 1973 peace treaty. • 1975, Communists resumed offensive. • Communists reunify country. • Led to relations between US and China.

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